17 research outputs found
Building Damage-Resilient Dominating Sets in Complex Networks against Random and Targeted Attacks
We study the vulnerability of dominating sets against random and targeted
node removals in complex networks. While small, cost-efficient dominating sets
play a significant role in controllability and observability of these networks,
a fixed and intact network structure is always implicitly assumed. We find that
cost-efficiency of dominating sets optimized for small size alone comes at a
price of being vulnerable to damage; domination in the remaining network can be
severely disrupted, even if a small fraction of dominator nodes are lost. We
develop two new methods for finding flexible dominating sets, allowing either
adjustable overall resilience, or dominating set size, while maximizing the
dominated fraction of the remaining network after the attack. We analyze the
efficiency of each method on synthetic scale-free networks, as well as real
complex networks
Income distribution patterns from a complete social security database
We analyze the income distribution of employees for 9 consecutive years
(2001-2009) using a complete social security database for an economically
important district of Romania. The database contains detailed information on
more than half million taxpayers, including their monthly salaries from all
employers where they worked. Besides studying the characteristic distribution
functions in the high and low/medium income limits, the database allows us a
detailed dynamical study by following the time-evolution of the taxpayers
income. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive study of this kind (a
previous japanese taxpayers survey was limited to two years). In the high
income limit we prove once again the validity of Pareto's law, obtaining a
perfect scaling on four orders of magnitude in the rank for all the studied
years. The obtained Pareto exponents are quite stable with values around
, in spite of the fact that during this period the economy
developed rapidly and also a financial-economic crisis hit Romania in
2007-2008. For the low and medium income category we confirmed the
exponential-type income distribution. Following the income of employees in
time, we have found that the top limit of the income distribution is a highly
dynamical region with strong fluctuations in the rank. In this region, the
observed dynamics is consistent with a multiplicative random growth hypothesis.
Contrarily with previous results obtained for the japanese employees, we find
that the logarithmic growth-rate is not independent of the income.Comment: 10 pages, 7 Figure
Decreased circulating anandamide levels in preeclampsia.
The endocannabinoid system has a key role in female reproduction, including implantation, decidualization and placentation. A growing number of studies indicate that placental and peripheral blood anandamide levels correlate closely with both spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. Anandamide has also been implicated in blood pressure regulation. In this study, we aimed to determine circulating anandamide levels in preeclampsia for the first time in the literature. Forty-three preeclamptic patients and 71 healthy pregnant women were involved in this case-control study. Serum anandamide concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Serum total soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and biologically active placental growth factor (PlGF) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For statistical analyses, nonparametric methods were applied. Serum levels of anandamide were significantly lower in preeclamptic patients than in healthy pregnant women (0.75 (0.44-1.03) ng ml-1 vs. 1.30 (0.76-2.0) ng ml-1, P<0.001). Preeclamptic patients had significantly higher sFlt-1 levels (12 121 (7963-18 316) pg ml-1 vs. 2299 (1393-3179) pg ml-1, P<0.001) and significantly lower PlGF concentrations (71.2 (39.2-86.4) pg ml-1 vs. 256.8 (181.1-421.0) pg ml-1, P<0.001) as compared with healthy pregnant women. Serum anandamide concentrations did not correlate with serum levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF in our healthy pregnant and preeclamptic groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time in the literature that serum anandamide concentrations are decreased in women with preeclampsia. However, the cause and consequence of this observation remain to be determined.Hypertension Research advance online publication, 26 February 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2015.20