Organization of Internal Financial Control by State Customers during Planning Purchases of Goods, Works and Services

Currently, issues related to improving the efficiency, effectiveness of procurement of goods, works, ensuring transparency and transparency in the implementation of such purchases, prevention of corruption and other abuses are resolved through the establishment of a contractual system in the field of procurement. Federal Law No. 44-FZ of 05.04.2013 “On the Contract System in the Sphere of Procurement of Goods, Works, Services for Ensuring State and Municipal Needs” (hereinafter referred to as the “Federal Law”) deals in detail with issues related to planning and procurement, as well as control compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts on the contract system in the procurement sphere. At the same time, the Federal Law does not regulate relations concerning the implementation of internal financial control over the implementation of purchases.This article suggests recommendations for the organization of internal financial control of budgetary procedures related to the planning of procurement by government customers

Structural variability of sunflower gene for methionine-rich albumin SFA8

Background. The 2S albumins of sunflower and other oilseed plants possess a high nutritional quality, the defense activity against fungi diseases casual gents and also valuable functional properties. The major component of albumin fraction, the SFA8 protein consists of 103 amino acid residues among which methionine constitutes 15 Mole %. In the cultivated sunflower gene pool the SFA8 structural gene is represented by the two alleles the products of which have different isoelectric points and differ by the electrophoretic mobility, however molecular mechanisms of the polymorphism are still unknown. Results. The amplified sequences of the SFA8 gene from seven Helianthus annuus L. accessions and three accessions of wild Helianthus L. species from VIR collection were sequences. The intron of 258-303 bp length depending on the genotype was firstly found in the central part of the gene. The length of the first exon constitutes 99 bp, the second exon is of 210 bp length. The nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences are polymorphic among different genotypes. The line VIR 130 in which the two expressing SFA8 proteins, the normal polypeptide with isoelectric point (pI) approximately 6.0 (normal SFA8) and its allelic variant with pI 6.5 (variant SFA8) have been earlier revealed possesses two types of the SFA8 encoding sequence. In one sequence the substitution 108С—G is present that results in the substitution of the polar uncharged amino acid serine for the positively charged arginine and respectively in alteration of the protein charge and isoelectric point. The intron sequence is also polymorphic and characterized by the presence of indels of approximately 45 bp. The intron sequences of all accessions contain dinucleotides GT at the 5΄ end and AG at the 3΄ end which are characteristic for consensus sequences of splicing sites in the U2-type introns. The variants of the secondary structure of the SFA8 intron sequences of H. argophyllus Torr. & A. Gray and all the analyzed H. annuus genotypes are similar and differ from those of H. petiolaris Nutt. and H. giganteus L. Conclusions. The data on the SFA8 gene sequence polymorphism are important understanding the molecular mechanisms of genotypic differences in biochemical and functional properties of the protein, and he revealed differences in the intron secondary structure can be important for understanding expression patterns of the protein

A Universal Approach to Eliminate Antigenic Properties of Alpha-Gliadin Peptides in Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is caused by an uncontrolled immune response to gluten, a heterogeneous mixture of wheat storage proteins, including the α-gliadins. It has been shown that α-gliadins harbor several major epitopes involved in the disease pathogenesis. A major step towards elimination of gluten toxicity for celiac disease patients would thus be the elimination of such epitopes from α-gliadins. We have analyzed over 3,000 expressed α-gliadin sequences from 11 bread wheat cultivars to determine whether they encode for peptides potentially involved in celiac disease. All identified epitope variants were synthesized as peptides and tested for binding to the disease-associated HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 molecules and for recognition by patient-derived α-gliadin specific T cell clones. Several specific naturally occurring amino acid substitutions were identified for each of the α-gliadin derived peptides involved in celiac disease that eliminate the antigenic properties of the epitope variants. Finally, we provide proof of principle at the peptide level that through the systematic introduction of such naturally occurring variations α-gliadins genes can be generated that no longer encode antigenic peptides. This forms a crucial step in the development of strategies to modify gluten genes in wheat so that it becomes safe for celiac disease patients. It also provides the information to design and introduce safe gluten genes in other cereals, which would exhibit improved quality while remaining safe for consumption by celiac disease patients

Electronic structure, linear, nonlinear optical susceptibilities and birefringence of CuInX2 (X = S, Se, Te) chalcopyrite-structure compounds

The electronic structure, linear and nonlinear optical properties have been calculated for CuInX2 (X=S, Se, Te) chalcopyrite-structure single crystals using the state-of-the-art full potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. We present results for band structure, density of states, and imaginary part of the frequency-dependent linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities. We find that these crystals are semiconductors with direct band gaps. We have calculated the birefringence of these crystals. The birefringence is negative for CuInS2 and CuInSe2 while it is positive for CuInTe2 in agreement with the experimental data. Calculations are reported for the frequency-dependent complex second-order non-linear optical susceptibilities . The intra-band and inter-band contributions to the second harmonic generation increase when we replace S by Se and decrease when we replace Se by Te. We find that smaller energy band gap compounds have larger values of in agreement with the experimental data and previous theoretical calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Primary production within the euphotic layer of the Norwegian Sea in July 1997: measurements by different methods

Results of primary production measurements obtained by different methods are presented. These methods are radiocarbon and oxygen modifications of the flask method, as well as fluorometric procedure with a PrimProd submersible probing fluorometer (produced at the Biological Department, Moscow State University). The research was carried out during a complex expedition aboard R/V Akademik Boris Petrov to the Norwegian Sea in July, 1977. Distributions of primary production values measured by different methods were correlated with other oceanographic data. Then a comparison of obtained values by the above-mentioned methods was performed