Модель минно-взрывной травмы

Цель. Создание доступной модели минно-взрывной травмы различной степени тяжести у крыс. Материалы и методы. Взрывное повреждение мягких тканей бедра крыс моделировали с помощью строительно-монтажного пистолета (СМП) и специально разработанной стойки, которая обеспечивала фиксацию СМП во время выстрела. Для имитации повреждения от поражающих элементов в стволе СМП размещали стальные осколки. Результаты. Макроскопическая оценка повреждений показала, что они имеют признаки, характерные для поражения мягких тканей ударной волной, струей пламени, поражающими элементами. Показана возможность варьировать степень поражения тканей за счет мощности порохового заряда, отсутствия или наличия поражающих элементов. Выводы. Предложенная модель воспроизводит минно-взрывную травму и может быть использована в любой научно-исследовательской лаборатории, занимающейся вопросами экспериментальной медицины

Статистическое исследование аметропии и астигматизма глаза человека

Проведено аналіз розподілу величин аметропії та астигматизму очей великої кількості пацієнтів офтальмологічного кабінета. Виявлено характер розподілу цих первинних аберацій ока людини. Показано, в яких діапазонах вони зустрічаються найчастіше.The statistical analysis of the 930 patient’s eyes refractometry results is done. The bar charts of the ametropy and astigmatism value distributions according to eyes number are obtained. Working ranges of the economy-type ophthalmology aberrometer are specified.Проведен статистический анализ результатов рефрактометрии 930 глаз пациентов. Приведены гистограммы распределения количества глаз по величине аметропии и астигматизма. Определены рабочие диапазоны измерений аметропии и астигматизма аберрометрами эконом-класса

Теплофизические свойства и структура отложений на поверхностях нагрева энергетического оборудования

The paper shows influence of heating surface material, design peculiarities, operational conditions of heat exchangers and water-chemical regime on chemical and structural composition of deposits, their heat conduction and porosity.Показано влияние материала поверхности нагрева, конструктивных особенностей, условий эксплуатации теплообменных устройств и водно-химического режима на химический и структурный состав отложений, их теплопроводность и пористость

The Role of Interdiffusion and Spatial Confinement in the Formation of Resonant Raman Spectra of Ge/Si(100) Heterostructures with Quantum-Dot Arrays

The phonon modes of self-assembled Ge/Si quantum dots grown by molecular-beam epitaxy in an apparatus integrated with a chamber of the scanning tunneling microscope into a single high-vacuum system are investigated using Raman spectroscopy. It is revealed that the Ge-Ge and Si-Ge vibrational modes are considerably enhanced upon excitation of excitons between the valence band $\Lambda_3$ and the conduction band $\Lambda_1$ (the E1 and E1 + $\Delta_1$ transitions). This makes it possible to observe the Raman spectrum of very small amounts of germanium, such as one layer of quantum dots with a germanium layer thickness of 10 \r{A}. The enhancement of these modes suggests a strong electron-phonon interaction of the vibrational modes with the E1 and E1 + $\Delta_1$ excitons in the quantum dot. It is demonstrated that the frequency of the Ge-Ge mode decreases by 10 cm^-1 with a decrease in the thickness of the Ge layer from 10 to 6 \r{A} due to the spatial-confinement effect. The optimum thickness of the Ge layer, for which the size dispersion of quantum dots is minimum, is determined.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Specific means of communication of people with hearing impairment: origins and prospects of use

В статье рассматриваются проблемы использования специфических средств коммуникации в образовании лиц с нарушением слуха на разных этапах развития сурдопедагогики.To design a new Master's degree education program, the article deals with the issues of application of specific communication means in the education of persons with hearing impairment at different stages of development of surdopedagogy laying stress on the importance of their correct usage in the practice of the modern school for children with hearing impairment and explores the tendencies of the market of education services

Right Isomerism of the Brain in Inversus Viscerum Mutant Mice

Left-right (L-R) asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher-order neural function. However, the molecular basis of brain asymmetry remains unclear. We recently reported L-R asymmetry of hippocampal circuitry caused by differential allocation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluRε2 (NR2B) in hippocampal synapses. Using electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry, here we analyzed the hippocampal circuitry of the inversus viscerum (iv) mouse that has a randomized laterality of internal organs. The iv mouse hippocampus lacks L-R asymmetry, it exhibits right isomerism in the synaptic distribution of the ε2 subunit, irrespective of the laterality of visceral organs. This independent right isomerism of the hippocampus is the first evidence that a distinct mechanism downstream of the iv mutation generates brain asymmetry

ДЕВИТАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ СОСУДИСТЫЕ ПРОТЕЗЫ: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ IN VIVO

Porcine intrathoracic arteries were devitalized by application of low temperatures and electron beam irradiati- on. The resulted connective tissues vascular scaffolds could be used as the prosthesis of small diameter arteries (≤6 mm). Biocompatibility, immunogenicity degree and thrombogenicity were estimated in the study. Results of electron microscopy are presented. Described treatment reduces an immunogenicity of xenoarteries, their ade- quate functioning during 6 months was shown by means of experimental surgeries. Для девитализации внутренних грудных артерий свиней использовали низкие температуры и облучение потоком электронов. Полученные соединительнотканные сосудистые скаффолды в данном исследовании были использованы в качестве протезов артерий малого диаметра (≤6 мм). В работе изучали биосовме- стимость, степень иммуногенности, тромбогенность девитализированных артерий. Приведены результа- ты электронной микроскопии. Показано снижение иммуногенности девитализированных ксеноартерий. Экспериментальные операции продемонстрировали их адекватное функционирование в течение 6 мес.

Kinetics of ATP release following compression injury of a peripheral nerve trunk

Compression and/or contusion of a peripheral nerve trunk can result in painful sensations. It is possible that release of ATP into the extracellular space may contribute to this symptom. In the present study, we used real-time measurements of ATP-induced bioluminescence together with electrophysiological recordings of compound action potentials to follow changes in the extracellular ATP concentration of isolated rat spinal roots exposed to mechanical stimuli. Nerve compression for about 8 s resulted in an immediate release of ATP into the extracellular space and in a decrease in the amplitude of compound action potentials. On average, a rise in ATP to 60 nM was observed when nerve compression blocked 50% of the myelinated axons. After the compression, the extracellular concentration of ATP returned to the resting level within a few minutes. The importance of ecto-nucleotidases for the recovery period was determined by exposure of isolated spinal roots to high concentrations of ATP and by use of inhibitors of ecto-nucleotidases. It was observed that spinal roots have a high capacity for ATP hydrolysis which is only partially blocked by βγ-methylene ATP and ARL 67156. In conclusion, acute nerve compression produces an increase in the extracellular concentration of ATP and of its metabolites which may be sufficient for activation of purinergic P2 and/or P1 receptors on axons of nociceptive afferent neurons

Left−Right Asymmetry Defect in the Hippocampal Circuitry Impairs Spatial Learning and Working Memory in iv Mice

Although left-right (L−R) asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher-order brain function, little is known about how asymmetry defects of the brain affect animal behavior. Previously, we identified structural and functional asymmetries in the circuitry of the mouse hippocampus resulting from the asymmetrical distribution of NMDA receptor GluR ε2 (NR2B) subunits. We further examined the ε2 asymmetry in the inversus viscerum (iv) mouse, which has randomized laterality of internal organs, and found that the iv mouse hippocampus exhibits right isomerism (bilateral right-sidedness) in the synaptic distribution of theε2 subunit, irrespective of the laterality of visceral organs. To investigate the effects of hippocampal laterality defects on higher-order brain functions, we examined the capacity of reference and working memories of iv mice using a dry maze and a delayed nonmatching-to-position (DNMTP) task, respectively. The iv mice improved dry maze performance more slowly than control mice during acquisition, whereas the asymptotic level of performance was similar between the two groups. In the DNMTP task, the iv mice showed poorer accuracy than control mice as the retention interval became longer. These results suggest that the L−R asymmetry of hippocampal circuitry is critical for the acquisition of reference memory and the retention of working memory