Response of the common mode of interferometric detectors to a stochastic background of massive scalar radiation

We compute the angular pattern and the overlap reduction functions for the geodesic and non-geodesic response of the common mode of two interferometers interacting with a stochastic, massive scalar background. We also discuss the possible overlap between common and differential modes. We find that the cross-correlated response of two common modes to a non-relativistic background may be higher than the response of two differential modes to the same background.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, revte

Speed of time-compressed forward replay flexibly changes in human episodic memory

Remembering information from continuous past episodes is a complex task. On the one hand, we must be able to recall events in a highly accurate way that often includes exact timing; on the other hand, we can ignore irrelevant details and skip to events of interest. We here track continuous episodes, consisting of different sub-events, as they are recalled from memory. In behavioral and MEG data, we show that memory replay is temporally compressed and proceeds in a forward direction. Neural replay is characterized by the reinstatement of temporal patterns from encoding. These fragments of activity reappear on a compressed timescale. Herein, the replay of sub-events takes longer than the transition from one sub-event to another. This identifies episodic memory replay as a dynamic process in which participants replay fragments of fine-grained temporal patterns and are able to skip flexibly across sub-events

Anterolateral Ligament Expert Group consensus paper on the management of internal rotation and instability of the anterior cruciate ligament - deficient knee

Purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the latest research on the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and present the consensus of the ALL Expert Group on the anatomy, radiographic landmarks, biomechanics, clinical and radiographic diagnosis, lesion classification, surgical technique and clinical outcomes. A consensus on controversial subjects surrounding the ALL and anterolateral knee instability has been established based on the opinion of experts, the latest publications on the subject and an exchange of experiences during the ALL Experts Meeting (November 2015, Lyon, France). The ALL is found deep to the iliotibial band. The femoral origin is just posterior and proximal to the lateral epicondyle; the tibial attachment is 21.6 mm posterior to Gerdy's tubercle and 4-10 mm below the tibial joint line. On a lateral radiographic view the femoral origin is located in the postero-inferior quadrant and the tibial attachment is close to the centre of the proximal tibial plateau. Favourable isometry of an ALL reconstruction is seen when the femoral position is proximal and posterior to the lateral epicondyle, with the ALL being tight upon extension and lax upon flexion. The ALL can be visualised on ultrasound, or on T2-weighted coronal MRI scans with proton density fat-suppressed evaluation. The ALL injury is associated with a Segond fracture, and often occurs in conjunction with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Recognition and repair of the ALL lesions should be considered to improve the control of rotational stability provided by ACL reconstruction. For high-risk patients, a combined ACL and ALL reconstruction improves rotational control and reduces the rate of re-rupture, without increased postoperative complication rates compared to ACL-only reconstruction. In conclusion this paper provides a contemporary consensus on all studied features of the ALL. The findings warrant future research in order to further test these early observations, with the ultimate goal of improving the long-term outcomes of ACL-injured patients. Level of evidence Level V-Expert opinion

Trust in institutions and economic indicators in the eurozone: The role of the crisis

The paper investigates the role of economic indicators as determinants of trust in the European Central Bank (ECB), the European Commission (EC) and the European Parliament (EP) in eleven countries of the Eurozone, from 1999 to 2013, using country level data from the European Commission’s Eurobarometer survey. This paper aims to shed light particularly on the role played by income distribution, together with standard economic indicators such as unemployment and inflation, in the consolidation of supranational institutions. The empirical analysis also controls for financial market shocks, including domestic bond yields and stock market returns. The additional contribution is to analyze whether the sensitiveness of trust has been strengthened during the recent crisis, associating binary dummies to explanatory variables. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows: a) income inequality negatively affects trust in the EC and the EP in normal times; in crisis times, this relation is strengthened and extended to the ECB for one of the two indexes of trust considered; b) inflation and unemployment significantly affect trust in all European Institutions after the crisis

Water and Nutrient uptake of sweet pepper and tomato as (un)affected by watering regime and salinity.

Scarcity or poor quality of irrigation water is increasingly becoming the "way of life" for growers in many mild climate regions. Water can be saved by two means: watering as little as possible (limit losses through drainage) or abundant watering with recollection and re-use of drainage (closed systems). Either way, an additional positive side effect is the reduction in pollution caused by percolation of fertilisers. However, both growing systems have risks: limited watering results in higher concentration of salts in the root zone, and all unused ions accumulate in closed systems. Since it is well known that increased salinity reduces yield (though it may increase product quality), growers are not keen to embrace such water-saving techniques. The objectives of this work were to investigate whether good-quality water can be saved by reducing drainage in open systems; and whether brackish water can be used in closed ones. We present the results of two concurrent experiments: one with drain-less watering in sweet pepper and one with (semi)closed water cycle in tomato. The sweet pepper experiment was designed to allow for limited watering (with good-quality water) without increase in salt concentration, and we show that the ability of plants to absorb water and to take up nutrients is independent of the watering regime (provided there is enough water in the root zone). The tomato experiment, on the contrary, allowed for salinity build-up by using brackish water in a closed system and we show that water and nutrients uptake is largely unaffected by salt accumulation (within boundaries), though there is a reduction in fresh yield, as expected