Laser Modification of the Microstructure of Zn-Co Electroplating Alloys

In this study we report the experimental results of researches of the effect on the microstructure of the Zn-Co coatings with laser radiation generated by a ruby laser operating of free oscillators regime (1.2 ms pulse duration, wavelength 0.69 and the power density of 104 to 106 W / cm2). It is shown how the microstructure of the investigating alloys after its modification by an impulse laser radiation depends on the power density

Laser Modification of the Microstructure of Zn-Co Electroplating Alloys

In this study we report the experimental results of researches of the effect on the microstructure of the Zn-Co coatings with laser radiation generated by a ruby laser operating of free oscillators regime (1.2 ms pulse duration, wavelength 0.69 and the power density of 104 to 106 W / cm2). It is shown how the microstructure of the investigating alloys after its modification by an impulse laser radiation depends on the power density

Association of prooxidant-antioxidant disorders with the development of morphofunctional disorders in rats with subtotal cerebral ischemia

The aim of the study was to investigate morphofunctional disorders of neurons in the cerebral cortex and changes in the prooxidant-antioxidant state in rats after subtotal cerebral ischemia. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 20 white outbred male rats. Surgical interventions were carried out under intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40–50 mg/kg). Subtotal cerebral ischemia was simulated by both common carotid arteries ligation. Animals were decapitated after 60 minutes of ischemia. Morphological and functional changes in the neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampal CA1 field, and intensity of free radical oxidative processes (content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and thiol-disulfide system components) in brain homogenates were studied. Results and discussion. Brain ischemia has been followed by oxidative stress in brain tissue. The cellular metabolism has been disturbed under the oxidative stress that leads to a water-electrolyte imbalance, manifested by deformation of neuron bodies, wrinkling, and swelling. The changes in parietal cortex are to a greater extent expressed, as the neurons are more sensitive to oxygen deficiency

Morphological disturbances of rat parietal cortex and hippocampus neurons in the dynamics steady subtotal ischemia of the brain

The purpose of the work is to analyze changes in the morphological characteristics of neurons of phylogenetical different parts of the cerebral cortex (parietal cortex and hippocampus) of rats at different periods in the dynamics of stepwise subtotal experimental cerebral ischemia. Methods. The experiments were performed on 42 males of outbred white rats. Step subtotal cerebral ischemia was performed as follows: first, one common carotid artery was ligated, simulating partial ischemia. Then, with an interval of 1 day (subgroup 1), 3 days (subgroup 2) or 7 days (subgroup 3), the second common carotid artery was ligated. Results. A microscopic study of the size, shape, degree of chromatophilia of the cytoplasm and the content of ribonucleoproteins in pyramidal neurons of phylogenetically different parts of the cerebral cortex have shown the dependence of the severity of brain damage on the interval between the cessation of blood flow in both carotid artery. Adaptation was better with a 7-day interval between dressings, while the ligation with an interval of 1 day, the degree of morphological changes was maximum indicating a lack of resources for the implementation of adaptation mechanisms

Совершенствование структуры управления предприятиями лесопромышленного комплекса Республики Беларусь

The paper considers basic problems concerning development of a timber industry complex in the Republic of Belarus. Comparative analysis of «Bellesbumprom» Concern activity and timber industry complex as a whole is given in the paper. As one of ways pertaining to reformation of timber industry complex and management development it is proposed to establish holding companiesРассмотрены основные проблемы в развитии ЛПК Республики Беларусь, проведена сравнительная оценка деятельности концерна «Беллесбумпром» и ЛПК в целом. В качестве одного из путей реформирования ЛПК и совершенствования управления предприятиями предлагается создание холдинговых компаний

Влияние скорости нагрева цементируемых конструкционных сталей на рост аустенитного зерна в процессе высокотемпературной выдержки

The influence of the heating mode of samples of constructional cemented steels 20ХН3А, 20ХГНР and 15ХГН2ТА on the value of austenite grain after high-temperature isothermal aging at 1000 °С is studied. It is shown that the heating of steels at a rate of 1.2–3.0 °C / min in the phase-transformation interval stabilizes the grain structure of the steels and leads to a slowing down of the kinetics of the growth of austenite grains during prolonged high-temperature aging, which makes it possible to increase the temperature of the chemical-thermal treatment of steels. It is concluded that the stabilization of the grain structure of steels is associated with the formation of segregation of impurity atoms and particles at grain boundaries with high-angle disorientation during slow heating, which prevents migration of grain boundaries in the process of prolonged high-temperature aging. A high-temperature chemical-thermal treatment of a batch of billets from steel 20ХН3А under experimental conditions with stepwise heating in the phase-transformation interval provided a qualitative fine-grained structure of the cemented layer.Исследовано влияние режима нагрева образцов конструкционных цементируемых сталей 20ХН3А, 20ХГНР и 15ХГН2ТА на величину аустенитного зерна после высокотемпературной изотермической выдержки при 1000 °С. Показано, что нагрев сталей со скоростью 1,2–3,0 °С/мин в интервале фазового α→γ превращения стабилизирует зеренную структуру сталей и приводит к замедлению кинетики роста аустенитного зерна при длительной высокотемпературной выдержке, что позволяет повысить температуру химико-термической обработки сталей. Сделано заключение, что стабилизация зеренной структуры сталей связана с образованием при медленном нагреве сегрегаций примесных атомов и частиц на границах зерен с высокоугловой разориентацией, что препятствует миграции границ зерен в процессе длительной высокотемпературной выдержки. Проведена высокотемпературная химико-термическая обработка партии заготовок из стали 20ХН3А по экспериментальному режиму со ступенчатым нагревом в интервале фазового α→γ превращения, обеспечившему получение качественной мелкозернистой структуры цементированного слоя

Hypothalamic Reactive Oxygen Species Are Required for Insulin-Induced Food Intake Inhibition: An NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Mechanism

1939-327X (Electronic) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tOBJECTIVE: Insulin plays an important role in the hypothalamic control of energy balance, especially by reducing food intake. Emerging data point to a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in energy homeostasis regulation, but their involvement in the anorexigenic effect of insulin is unknown. Furthermore, ROS signal derived from NADPH oxidase activation is required for physiological insulin effects in peripheral cells. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hypothalamic ROS and NADPH oxidase in the feeding behavior regulation by insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We first measured hypothalamic ROS levels and food intake after acute intracerebroventricular injection of insulin. Second, effect of pretreatment with a ROS scavenger or an NADPH oxidase inhibitor was evaluated. Third, we examined the consequences of two nutritional conditions of central insulin unresponsiveness (fasting or short-term high-fat diet) on the ability of insulin to modify ROS level and food intake. RESULTS: In normal chow-fed mice, insulin inhibited food intake. At the same dose, insulin rapidly and transiently increased hypothalamic ROS levels by 36%. The pharmacological suppression of this insulin-stimulated ROS elevation, either by antioxidant or by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, abolished the anorexigenic effect of insulin. Finally, in fasted and short-term high-fat diet-fed mice, insulin did not promote elevation of ROS level and food intake inhibition, likely because of an increase in hypothalamic diet-induced antioxidant defense systems. CONCLUSIONS: A hypothalamic ROS increase through NADPH oxidase is required for the anorexigenic effect of insulin

Game Plan: What AI can do for Football, and What Football can do for AI

The rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has opened unprecedented analytics possibilities in various team and individual sports, including baseball, basketball, and tennis. More recently, AI techniques have been applied to football, due to a huge increase in data collection by professional teams, increased computational power, and advances in machine learning, with the goal of better addressing new scientific challenges involved in the analysis of both individual players’ and coordinated teams’ behaviors. The research challenges associated with predictive and prescriptive football analytics require new developments and progress at the intersection of statistical learning, game theory, and computer vision. In this paper, we provide an overarching perspective highlighting how the combination of these fields, in particular, forms a unique microcosm for AI research, while offering mutual benefits for professional teams, spectators, and broadcasters in the years to come. We illustrate that this duality makes football analytics a game changer of tremendous value, in terms of not only changing the game of football itself, but also in terms of what this domain can mean for the field of AI. We review the state-of-theart and exemplify the types of analysis enabled by combining the aforementioned fields, including illustrative examples of counterfactual analysis using predictive models, and the combination of game-theoretic analysis of penalty kicks with statistical learning of player attributes. We conclude by highlighting envisioned downstream impacts, including possibilities for extensions to other sports (real and virtual)