Structure-Based High-Throughput Epitope Analysis of Hexon Proteins in B and C Species Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs)

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the etiologic agent of many human infectious diseases. The existence of at least 54 different serotypes of HAdVs has resulted in difficulties in clinical diagnosis. Acute respiratory tract disease (ARD) caused by some serotypes from B and C species is particularly serious. Hexon, the main coat protein of HAdV, contains the major serotype-specific B cell epitopes; however, few studies have addressed epitope mapping in most HAdV serotypes. In this study, we utilized a novel and rapid method for the modeling of homologous proteins based on the phylogenetic tree of protein families and built three-dimensional (3D) models of hexon proteins in B and C species HAdVs. Based on refined hexon structures, we used reverse evolutionary trace (RET) bioinformatics analysis combined with a specially designed hexon epitope screening algorithm to achieve high-throughput epitope mapping of all 13 hexon proteins in B and C species HAdVs. This study has demonstrated that all of the epitopes from the 13 hexon proteins are located in the proteins' tower regions; however, the exact number, location, and size of the epitopes differ among the HAdV serotypes

Implementation of health promotion programmes in schools: an approach to understand the influence of contextual factors on the process?

International audienceBackground: Implementing complex and multi-level public health programmes is challenging in school settings. Discrepancies between expected and actual programme outcomes are often reported. Such discrepancies are due to complex interactions between contextual factors. Contextual factors relate to the setting, the community, in which implementation occurs, the stakeholders involved, and the characteristics of the programme itself. This work uses realist evaluation to understand how contextual factors influence the implementation process, to result in variable programme outcomes. This study focuses on identifying contextual factors, pinpointing combinations of contextual factors, and understanding interactions and effects of such factors and combinations on programme outcomes on different levels of the implementation process. Methods: Schools which had participated in a school-based health promotion programme between 2012 and 2015 were included. Two sets of qualitative data were collected: semi-structured interviews with school staff and programme coordinators; and written documents about the actions implemented in a selection of four schools. Quantitative data included 1553 questionnaires targeting pupils aged 8 to 11 in 14 schools to describe the different school contexts. Results: The comparison between what was expected from the programme (programme theory) and the outcomes identified in the field data, showed that some of the mechanisms expected to support the implementation of the programme, did not operate as anticipated (e.g. inclusion of training, initiation by decision-maker). Key factors which influenced the implementation process included, amongst other factors, the mode of introduction of the programme, home/school relationship, leadership of the management team, and the level of delegated power. Five types of interactions between contextual factors were put forward: enabling, hindering, neutral, counterbalancing and moderating effects. Recurrent combinations of factors were identified. Implementation was more challenging in vulnerable schools where school climate was poor

A network-based method to detect patters of local crop biodiversity: validation at the species and infr-species levels

In this chapter, we develop new indicators and statistical tests to characterize patterns of crop diversity at local scales to better understand interactions between ecological and socio-cultural functions of agroecosystems. Farms, where a large number of crops (species or landraces) is grown, are known to contribute a large part of the locally available diversity of both rare and common crops but the role of farms with low diversity remains little understood: do they grow only common varieties—following a nestedness pattern typical of mutualistic networks in ecology—or do ‘crop–poor’ farmers also grow rare varieties? This question is pivotal in ongoing efforts to assess the local-scale contribution of small farms to global agrobiodiversity. We develop new network-based approaches to characterize the distribution of local crop diversity (species and infra-species) at the village level and to validate these approaches using meta-datasets from 10 countries. Our results highlight the sources of heterogeneity in crop diversity at the village level. We often identify two or more groups of farms based on their different levels of diversity. In some datasets, ‘crop–poor’ farms significantly contribute to the local crop diversity. Generally, we find that the distribution of crop diversity is more heterogeneous at the species than at the infra-species level. This analysis reveals the absence of a general pattern of crop diversity distribution, suggesting strong dependence on local agro-ecological and socio-cultural contexts. These different patterns of crop diversity distribution reflect an heterogeneity in farmers’ self-organized action in cultivating and maintaining local crop diversity, which ensures the adaptability of agroecosystems to global change

In memorian Dylan Thomas / Stravinsky, comp. ; Richard Robinson, T ; Lloyd Ulyate, Hoyt Bohannon, Francis Howard ... [et al.], trb ; Israel Baker, Sol Babitz, vl ...[et al.]. Three songs from William Shakespeare / Stravinsky, comp. ; Grace-Lynn Martin, S ; Arthur Gleghorn, fl ; Hugo Raimondi, clar ...[et al.]. Septet ...[etc.] / Stravinsky, comp. ; David Oppenheim, clar. ; Loren Glickman, basson ; John Barrows, cor... [et al.]

Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [In memoriam Dylan Thomas. W 92]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Three songs from William Shakespeare. W 91]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Septuor. Piano, vents, trio à cordes. W 90]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Podblûdnyâ. Choeur mixte, cors (4). W 35]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Deux poésies de Konstantin Balmont. W 19]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Tri stihotvoreniâ iz âponskoj liriki. W 22]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Tri pesenki iz vospominanij ûnoseskih godov. W 23]Titre uniforme : Stravinsky, Igor (1882-1971). Compositeur. [Podblûdnyâ. Choeur mixte, cors (4). W 35]Collection : Modern music seriesComprend : In memoriam Dylan Thomas / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Richard Robinson, T ; Llyod Ulyate, Hoyt Bohannon, Francis Howard. .. [et al.], trb ; Israel Baker, Sol Babitz, vl... [et al.] ; Three songs from William Shakespeare / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Grace-Lynne Martin, S ; Arthur Gleghorn, fl. ; Hugo Raimondi, clar. ; Cecil Figelski, vlc ; Septet / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; David Oppenheim, clar. ; Loren Glickman, basson ; John Barrows, cor... [et al.] ; Four Russian songs / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Marni Nixon, S ; Arthur Gleghorn, fl. ; Dorothy Remsen, hrp ; Jack Marshall, guit. ; Two poems of Balmont / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Marni Nixon, S ; Shibley Boyes, p ; Arthur Gleghorn, A. Hoberman, fl... [et al.] ; Three Japenese lyrics / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Marni Nixon, S ; Shibley Boyes, p ; Arthur Gleghorn, A. Hoberman, fl... [et al.] ; Three souvenirs / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Marilynn Horne, S ; chamber orchestra ; Four Russian peasant songs / Igor Stravinsky, comp. ; Marni Nixon, Marilynn Horne, S ; James Decker, Sinclair Lott, George Hyde... . [et al.], cor ; female chorusBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière

A behavioral treatment of young migranious and nonmigranious headache patients: Prediction of treatment success

We evaluated the outcome of a behavioral treatment package in a clinical selling with a group of young (age: 12-22) headache patients, suffering from migrainous or nonmigrainous. Comparison between the experimental (n = 24) and the waiting-list control group(n = 15) showed a treatment effect on headache frequency and on the headache index. Using a 50% reduction in the headache activity as a criterion for clinical improvement, 52% of the participants in the experimental group had improved clinically at the end of the treatment. The treated participants were found to have maintained significant improvement at 1-year follow-up. The treatment effect was significantly higher for nonmigrainous headache patients than for migraineurs. The most important background predictor of outcome was duration of headache history: youngsters with a longer headache history profited less by the treatment than youngsters with a shorter headache history. Family predictors of pre-post improvement were maternal rewarding of illness behavior and mother-child relationship. Those youngsters who reported more rewarding and/or a more positive mother-child relationship profited less by the treatment than those who reported less rewarding and/or a less positive mother-child relationship. We conclude that therapists treating young headache patients should be alert to pain-rewarding patterns in the family