Anemia pada Remaja Putri dalam Kaitannya dengan Malaria, Pola Konsumsi Pangan dan Status Sosial Ekonomi di Daerah Endemik Malaria

Anemia pada remaja putri merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di negara berkembang apalagi pada mereka yang bermukim di wilayah endemik malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai faktor yang berperan dalam kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di wilayah endemik malaria. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang dirancang dalam bentuk survei pada wilayah kabupaten, pada setiap kecamatan dipilih beberapa desa yang dilakukan dalam bentuk cluster. Terdapat 314 sampel remaja putri yang terpilih dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, anamnesa malaria, pemeriksaan darah untuk hemoglobin, dan formulir frekuensi makanan. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Ditemukan prevalensi anemia sebesar 29,9%. Responden dengan pola makan bervariasi lebih sedikit yang anemia (10,2% vs 33,6%) (p=0,001). Responden yang tidak terbiasa sarapan pagi lebih banyak yang anemia (44,3% vs 26,5%) (p=0,006). Dan yang pernah menderita gejala malaria klinis dalam tiga bulan terakhir hampir dua kali lebih banyak yang anemia (45,1% vs 27,0%) (p=0,010). Sedangkan berdasarkan penghasilan keluarga ditemukan pula bahwa remaja putri dengan penghasilan keluarga yang rendah lebih banyak yang anemia (32,5% vs 24,8%) (p=0,156). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa pola konsumsi pangan, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, dan penyakit malaria memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan anemia pada remaja putri di wilayah endemik malaria

PENGARUH LEVERAGE TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Pada Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia Yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2013-2017)

Financial statements are the most important things that investors pay attention to. Sometimes companies practice earnings management to attract investors. Earnings management is a manager's actions to see accounting policies or actions that affect earnings in order to achieve the objectives in the income statement. This study aims to determine (1) the effect of leverage on earnings management. (2) Effect of Leverage on earnings management with the Independent Board of Commissioners as a moderating variable. The research sample of 19 companies. The data collection technique is done by the documentation method, which is collecting data in the form of literature books, journals, and the company's annual financial statements. The data needed in this study is secondary data derived from the financial statements of manufacturing companies in the basic and chemical industry sectors listed on the IDX period 2013-2017. The financial statements were downloaded from the site www.idx.co.id. The analysis technique used is quantitative. The results showed that leverage had a significant negative effect on earnings management and Implementation of good corporate governance which is proxied by an independent board of commissioners is able to moderate the effect of leverage on earnings managemen

PENGARUH ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA), PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM DENGAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

This study aims to determine the effect of Economic Value Added(EVA), Profutability and Leverage on Stock Returns with Company Valueas an Intervening Variable. In the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The results of this studyindicate that the direct effect of economic value added (EVA) variablesdoes not affect stock returns, profitability variables (ROE) do not affectstock returns, leverage variables (DER) do not affect stock returns andfirm value variables (PBV) have no effect on stock returns. While theindirect effect of firm value (PBV) mediates the effect of economic valueadded (EVA) on stock returns, firm value (PBV) cannot mediate theeffect of profitability (ROE) on stock returns and firm value (PBV) cannotmediate the effect of leverage (DER) ) of stock returns

Coral Reef Spatial Distribution in Wangi-wangi Island Waters, Wakatobi

Coral reefs contribute significant benefits in coastal area in Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatobi in terms of their ecological functions to marine biota and socio-economical services to local coastal communities. Therefore, it is importance to observe coral reef condition and its spatial distribution around Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. In this study Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and GIS tools were used to observe and analyze coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. The results showed that coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters can be categorized into moderate and good conditions with coverage percentage ranging from 28 – 60%. Based on spatial analysis non-acropora coral was found in greater cover percentages in Waha village, Sombu village, and Kapota island than other locations. Soft coral cover percentage was also found in larger cover percentage in Waha and Sombu regions than other locations

Shigella spp. surveillance in Indonesia: the emergence or reemergence of S. dysenteriae.

From June 1998 through November 1999, Shigella spp. were isolated in 5% of samples from 3,848 children and adults with severe diarrheal illness in hospitals throughout Indonesia. S. dysenteriae has reemerged in Bali, Kalimantan, and Batam and was detected in Jakarta after a hiatus of 15 years

CO2 dissolution and design aspects of a multiorifice oscillatory baffled column

Dissolution of CO2 in water was studied for a batch vertical multiorifice baffled column (MOBC) with varying orifice diameters (d0) of 6.4-30 mm and baffle open area (α) of 15-42%. Bubble size distributions (BSDs) and the overall volumetric CO2 mass transfer coefficient (KLa) were experimentally evaluated for very low superficial gas velocities, UG of 0.12-0.81 mm s-1, using 5% v/v CO2 in the inlet gas stream at a range of fluid oscillations (f = 0-10 Hz and x0 = 0-10 mm). Remarkably, baffles presenting large do = 30 mm and α = 36%, therefore in the range typically found for single-orifice oscillatory baffled columns, were outperformed with respect to BSD control and CO2 dissolution by the other baffle designs or the same aerated column operating without baffles or fluid oscillations. Flow visualization and bubble tracking experiments also presented in this study established that a small do of 10.5 mm combined with a small value of α = 15% generates sufficient, strong eddy mixing capable of generating and trapping an extremely large fraction of microbubbles in the MOBC. This resulted in increased interfacial area yielding KLa values up to 65 ± 12 h-1 in the range of the UG tested, representing up to 3-fold increase in the rate of CO2 dissolution when compared to the unbaffled, steady column. In addition, a modi fied oscillatory Reynolds number, Re′o and Strouhal number, St' were presented to assist on the design and scale-up of gas-liquid systems based on multiorifice oscillatory ba ffled columns. This work is relevant to gas-liquid or multiphase chemical and biological systems relying on efficient dissolution of gaseous compounds into a liquid medium.BBSRC -European Commissio

Relationship of metabolic syndrome and its components with -844 G/A and HindIII C/G PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several association studies have shown that -844 G/A and <it>HindIII </it>C/G <it>PAI-1 </it>polymorphisms are related with increase of PAI-1 levels, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies of these polymorphisms in <it>PAI-1 </it>gene and its association with metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Mexican mestizo children.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study included 100 children with an age range between 6-11 years divided in two groups: a) 48 children diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and b) 52 children metabolically healthy without any clinical and biochemical alteration. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following criteria: fasting glucose levels ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL, obesity BMI ≥ 95^thpercentile, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 95^thpercentile and insulin resistance HOMA-IR ≥ 2.4. The -844 G/A and <it>HindIII </it>C/G <it>PAI-1 </it>polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For the -844 G/A polymorphism, the G/A genotype (OR = 2.79; 95% CI, 1.11-7.08; <it>p </it>= 0.015) and the A allele (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.10-4.43; <it>p </it>= 0.015) were associated with metabolic syndrome. The -844 G/A and A/A genotypes were associated with increase in plasma triglycerides levels (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.16 to 6.04; <it>p </it>= 0.02), decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.06 to 5.42; <it>p </it>= 0.03) and obesity (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.17-5.92; <it>p </it>= 0.01). The C/G and G/G genotypes of the <it>HindIII </it>C/G polymorphism contributed to a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol levels (179 vs. 165 mg/dL; <it>p </it>= 0.02) in comparison with C/C genotype.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The -844 G/A <it>PAI-1 </it>polymorphism is related with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, obesity and atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the <it>HindIII </it>C/G <it>PAI-1 </it>polymorphism was associated with the increase of total cholesterol levels in Mexican children.</p

The Extracellular Domain of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Elicits Atypical Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rat and Species

Atypical models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are advantageous in that the heterogeneity of clinical signs appears more reflective of those in multiple sclerosis (MS). Conversely, models of classical EAE feature stereotypic progression of an ascending flaccid paralysis that is not a characteristic of MS. The study of atypical EAE however has been limited due to the relative lack of suitable models that feature reliable disease incidence and severity, excepting mice deficient in gamma-interferon signaling pathways. In this study, atypical EAE was induced in Lewis rats, and a related approach was effective for induction of an unusual neurologic syndrome in a cynomolgus macaque. Lewis rats were immunized with the rat immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-related extracellular domain of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (IgV-MOG) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) followed by one or more injections of rat IgV-MOG in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). The resulting disease was marked by torticollis, unilateral rigid paralysis, forelimb weakness, and high titers of anti-MOG antibody against conformational epitopes of MOG, as well as other signs of atypical EAE. A similar strategy elicited a distinct atypical form of EAE in a cynomolgus macaque. By day 36 in the monkey, titers of IgG against conformational epitopes of extracellular MOG were evident, and on day 201, the macaque had an abrupt onset of an unusual form of EAE that included a pronounced arousal-dependent, transient myotonia. The disease persisted for 6–7 weeks and was marked by a gradual, consistent improvement and an eventual full recovery without recurrence. These data indicate that one or more boosters of IgV-MOG in IFA represent a key variable for induction of atypical or unusual forms of EAE in rat and Macaca species. These studies also reveal a close correlation between humoral immunity against conformational epitopes of MOG, extended confluent demyelinating plaques in spinal cord and brainstem, and atypical disease induction