Model Pengelolaan Hasil Hutan Kayu oleh Masyarakat Adat: Studi Kasus Pemilik Hak Ulayat di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni

Pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan oleh masyarakat adat pemilik hak ulayat dalam rangka peningkatan perekonomian merupakan implementasi Otonomi khusus Papua. Dengan besaran kompensasi berkisar Rp.200.000 - Rp.300.000/m3 oleh IUPHHK kepada masyarakat adat berdasarkan negosiasi. Pemanfaatan olahan kayu digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sebagai bahan bangunan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pengelolaan hasil hutan kayu oleh masyarakat pemilik hak ulayat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model pengelolaan hasil hutan kayu oleh masyarakat adat (marga Sayori) masih sangat sederhana. Keterlibatan masyarakat pemilik hak ulayat dalam proses pengolahan kayu sangat kecil, hanya terbatas pada pemberian hak pengelolaannya kepada pemilik modal. Pemilik hak ulayat hanya menerima konpensasi berdasarkan kubikasi hasil olahan kayu yang dilakukan oleh pemilik modal

Evaluation of Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) Determination of Teak Forest Plantations in Perum Perhutani, Indonesia

The degradation of teak forest plantations in Java that are managed by Perum Perhutani (PP) continues to happen, and this is caused by some risk factors such as illegal logging, grazing, forest fire, and encroachment. However, these risk factors have not been considered by PP notably in annual allowable cut (AAC) determination of yield regulation. Therefore, the AAC value could be overestimated. The research was aimed at evaluating the method of AAC determination and proposing an alternative method that considers the risk factors. This research was conducted with a series of data analysis approach from the data on five planning periods. The research result showed that forest damage occurs in varied situations. On average, the rate of deforestation accounted for 0.8% per annum. The calculation of AAC by considering the rate of damage risk in normal condition approximately made up 70.8%. Thus, compared to another method without considering damage risk rate, overestimation constituted 29.2%. In brief, this had an impact on the decline of timber stock.

Socio Demographic Factors and Work Performance of Forest Workers in Cajuput Leaf Harvesting at RPH Nglipar, KPH YOGYAKARTA

Cajuput leaf harvesting is a technical forest activity of non-timber forest products. The productivity of cajuput leaf harvesting is strongly influenced by aspects of human resource capacity and biophysical aspects. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic conditions of forest workers in cajuput leaves harvesting and to analyze the standards performance of harvesting in FMU Yogyakarta. A survey of 100 samples of workers were used to determine socio-demographic characteristics, while in-depth observations were made on 3 workers with different characteristics to determine work performance. The socio-demographic conditions of workers in the cajuput leaf harvesting are seen from eight characteristics, namely age, gender, education, number of dependents, livelihoods, and land ownership. Workers have an average age of 58 years old and are male. The level of education possessed by workers is dominated by graduating from elementary school (SD) by 64 %. The average number of dependents per worker household is 4 people, with the main livelihood being farmers. The average land ownership of workers in cajuput leaf harvesting is 0.17 ha. The work performance of harvesting for normal people in the FMU Yogyakarta is 72.23 kg / hour

Buku ajar respirologi anak / edisi pertama

xxxviii, 610 pages : illustrations ; 25 c

The use of 4.5% hypertonic saline challenge test in diagnosing asthma in children with chronic recurrent cough

Background The 4.5% hypertonic saline (HS) challenge test has several benefits compared to histamine challenge test as gold stan- dard. Saline is an inexpensive non-pharmacological substance which is relatively safe. Its mechanism in inducing bronchospasm resembles that of asthma. Moreover, it can easily be made in a modest medical laboratory. Objective To determine the ability of 4.5% HS challenge test com- pared to histamine challenge test in diagnosing asthma in children with chronic recurrent cough (CRC). Methods This study was a diagnostic test on children with CRC aged 6 to 14 years, conducted in outpatient clinic of Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All subjects underwent lung function tests. Subjects whose FEV 1 was <80% were diagnosed as asthmatic and underwent the 4.5% HS challenge test only. Those whose FEV 1 was 80% underwent the histamine chal- lenge test followed by the 4.5% HS challenge test one or two weeks later. Test results were expressed as positive or negative. Based on the results, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, predictive val- ues, and likelihood ratios of the 4.5% HS challenge test. Results Forty-five subjects, consisting of 22 boys and 23 girls, were enrolled. The average age of subjects was 9 years old. Atopic history in the family or in subjects themselves was found in 80% of subjects. Eight subjects had FEV 1 of <80%. Forty-four subjects were diagnosed with asthma based on a baseline FEV 1 of <80% or a positive histamine provocation test. Thirty-seven subjects had a positive 4.5% HS challenge test; all had asthma. Sensitivity and specificity of the 4.5% HS challenge test were 84.1% and 100.0%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 12.5%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was infinite and negative likelihood ratio was 0.16. Conclusion The 4.5% hypertonic saline challenge test can be used as an alternative bronchial provocation test in diagnosing asthma in children with CRC. Further study with larger sample size is needed for widespread usage

Characteristics and risk factors of snoring and the prevalence of suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children

Background Snoring as a consequence of upper airway obstruc- tion is common in children. Snoring can be considered as normal, but might also reflect a disease such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is associated with serious morbidities. In Indonesia, data on the characteristics and risk factors of snoring and obstruc- tive sleep apnea is limited Objectives The aims of this study were to find out the character- istics and risk factors of snoring in children and to determine the prevalence of suspected OSA in snoring children. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on children aged 5-13 years using parental questionnaires scored according to the Brouilette formula. All children underwent physical examination for weight, height and tonsil size. Adenoid radiology was performed on part of the samples. Results Of the 917 questionnaires distributed, only 658 were com- pleted. The ratio of boys to girls was equal. Obesity was detected in 18.3% of children, among whom 54.2% snored. Obese children were 2.1 times more likely to snore. Besides obesity, rhinitis and atopy were found to be associated with snoring (PR= , 95%CI ; and PR= , 95%CI ; respectively). Asthma and tonsil hypertrophy were shown not to be predisposing factors of snoring. Children with adenoid hypertrophy were 1.8 times more likely to snore ha- bitually. The prevalence of snoring and suspected OSA in children aged 5-13 years were 31.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Conclusion Risk factors of snoring were obesity, adenoid hyper- trophy, atopy and rhinitis. Prevalence of snoring in children age 5- 13 years was 31.6% and that of suspected OSA cases was 5.9%