Long-term trends in tropospheric ozone over the Indian tropical region

We report a statistical regression model analysis of long-term linear trends in the ozonesonde vertical profiles in the troposphere for the period 1972-2001 from the three tropical stations in tropical India. An analysis of tropospheric column ozone (TCO) data derived from ozonesonde and Nimbus7/Earth Probe -total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) during the period 1979-2002 has also been done. There are no statistically significant trends over Trivandrum (8.3°N, 76.6°E, 61 m) but significant positive trend (within 2-sigma error) are found to occur in the lower troposphere over Pune (18.3°N, 73.5°E, 559 m) and throughout the entire troposphere over a heavily air-polluted urban center Delhi (28.4°N, 77.1°E, 216 m). However, over the last decade, variations in tropospheric ozone have become statistically insignificant even over Delhi in spite of increasing surface NOx concentrations. The TCO obtained by ozonesonde as well as TOMS satellite data over Trivandrum do not reveal any statistically significant trend

Differential Ballistic Response of Aramid-Glass Fibre Laminates to Soft and Hard Shots .

Ballistic perfonnance of all-glass, all-aramid and aramid-glass fibre-reinforced phenolic resincomposite laminates has been evaluated against 0.30 in. calibre soft ball and hard armour piercing (AP) bullets. It is observed that mass effective ness of glass fibre phenolic composites against impacts by APbullets can be improved by aramid fibre'reinforcement in the back of laminate. The perfonnance of a ramid phenolic composites against ball ammunition can be improved by hybridisation with glass fibre reinforcement at the front

Production of Intermediate or Medium Carbon Ferro Chrome at FACOR

FACOR has foreseen the need to develop the intermediate carbon ferro chrome alloy to meet the demands of alloy and stainless steel manufacturers.The paper describes the decarbonisation of liquid high carbon ferro chrome in. an AOD convertor with respect to : (a) Theoretical aspects and fundamentals, (b) Plant and equipment, (c) Process of making intermediate carbon ferro chromium., (d) Advantages of the processto improve the quality with respect to titanium, silicon, hydrogen and nitrogen in intermediate carbon ferro chromium

Biaxial Flexural Strength and Estimation of Size on the Strength Properties of FRP Composites

Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) are widely used as structural materials. For designing structural components, a designer is provided with data based on unidirectional testing. But in real structural applications the component is subjected to multiaxial stress throughout the material. Hence a multiaxial test is a better gauge of the behaviour of FRP components in service. In the present paper a ring-on-ring method was adopted which produces biaxial flexural stress on the FRP specimen. Wubull's statistical weakest link theory was applied to standardize the complexity and to assess the reliability of the results

Correlation analysis for adoption studies of rice growers in district Baramulla of Kashmir Division, India

This study about the correlation analysis for adoption and knowledge of rice growers was carried in 12 randomly selected villages of 3 tehsils prominently growing rice of district Baramulla of J&K state. After multi-stage random 10 rice growers from each village were selected randomly and systematic sampling technique a sample of 120 rice farmers was drawn.  It was found that Knowledge were found positively correlated with Education (0.449) Occupation (0.356), Social participation (0.205), annual income (0.229), Mass media exposure (0.375), Extension contacts (0.219) and Scientific orientation (0.341) and Adoption were  also found positively correlated with Education (0.447) Occupation (0.348), Social participation (0.301), Annual income (0.243), Mass media exposure (0.309), Extension contacts (0.243) and Scientific orientation (0.338) whereas Age, Family size, Land holding and Farming experience have no significance with knowledge and adoption level of famers. The significance at 0.01 level of variables like Education, Occupation, Social Participation, Annual income, Mass Media Exposure, Extension contacts and Scientific Orientation with dependent variable Knowledge and adoption level of rice growers. The results of the study indicated that these selected variables might play a very important role in increasing the Knowledge and adoption level of the package of practices by rice growers of Kashmir Division

Ballistic Applications of Glass and Kevlar Fibre Vinylester Composites

Void-free E-glass and Kevlar-49 fibre reinforced vinylester laminates prepared under compression moulding were found to have Charpy impact strength of 576 KJlm2 and 304 KJlm2, respectively. Ballistic immunisation tests carried out on the glass reinforced vinylester laminates with thickness ranging from 12 mm to 54 mm against 7.62 mm rifle bullets produced an exponential relationship between the per cent attenuation in bullet velocity and the areal density of the laminates; whereas the relationship was linear for 9 mm carbine fire with laminate thicknessvarying from 5.5 mm to 12 mm

Phyto-pharmacology of Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd: A Review

Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd (Cucurbitaceae ) is commonly known as a biiter gourd. It is traditionally used as astringent, febrifuge, antiseptic, anthelmintic, spermicidal. Also Used in bleeding piles, urinary infection and as a sedative. Studies indicate that it possesses antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid peroxidative, hypoglycemic and analgesic properties.This review aims to highlight the ethnobotany, pharmacognostic and pharmacological uses of Momordica dioicaKeywords: Momordica dioica, Cucurbitaceae, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological actions, Parora , kakor

Light-induced self-synchronizing flow patterns

In this paper, we present the observation of light-induced self-synchronizing flow patterns in a light-fluid system. A light beam induces local flow patterns in a fluid, which oscillate periodically or chaotically in time. The oscillations within different regions of the fluid interact with each other through heat-and surface-tension-induced fluid waves, and they become synchronized. We demonstrate optical control over the state of synchronization and over the temporal correlation between different parts of the flow field. Finally, we provide a model to elucidate these results and we suggest further ideas on light controlling flow and vice versa

Nanoengineered Materials for SWIR HOT Detectors

Heavy metal Selenide has been investigated for more than half century for high operating temperature (HOT) mid wave infrared (MWIR) applications. Most of the efforts have been devoted to make detector arrays on high-resistivity Si substrates for operating wavelengths in the 1.5 to 5.0 m region using physical vapor transport grown poly crystalline materials. For most of the biological spectral and imaging applications, short wave infrared (SWIR) detectors have shown better performance. Recent growth materials have shown variation in morphology with slight change in growth conditions and hence variation in performance parameters such as bandgap, mobility and resistivity from sample to sample. We have performed growth and optical characterization of pure and doped PbS and PbSe and have determined bandgap using available theoretical models for different morphologies

Application of Wavelet Analysis on Transient Rlectivity in Ultra-thin Films

Applications of wavelet analysis in ultra-thin film transient reflectivity (TR) measurements have been investigated. Advantages of utilizing different localized wavelet bases, in position and time, have been addressed on the residual TR signals. Morse wavelets have been used to obtain information from the abrupt oscillatory modes in the signal, which are not distinguishable with conventional methods such as Fourier transforms. These abrupt oscillatory modes are caused by the surface, interface, or any short-lived oscillatory modes which are suppressed in the TR signal in ultra-thin films. It is demonstrated that by choosing different Morse wavelets, information regarding different oscillatory modes in the TR signal of a heterostructure thin film is achievable. Moreover, by performing wavelet analysis on multiferroic heterostructures, oscillatory modes with very close energy ranges are easily distinguishable. For illustration, residuals of the TR signals have been obtained by a pumpprobe setup in reflectivity mode on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 and BaTiO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 samples, where sufficient signal to noise ratios have been achieved by taking multiple scans. The residual signals have been analyzed with Morse wavelets, and multiple oscillatory modes with close energy ranges have been observed and distinguished. This approach can isolate the location of various oscillatory modes at the surface, interface and in the bulk of the heterostructure sample