Non-descent vaginal hysterectomy for large uterus-safety and feasibility

Background: Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy (NDVH) is removal of uterus through vagina in non-prolapsed uterus. The objective of the present study was to assess safety and feasibility of NDVH in patients with large uterus (>12 weeks size uterus).Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India from May2014 to May 2017. Effort was made to perform hysterectomies vaginally in women with benign conditions with large uterine size. Information regarding age, parity, uterine size, blood loss, duration of operation, number of fibroids, other surgical difficulties encountered, intra–operative and post-operative complications were recorded.Results: Total of 65 cases was selected for NDVH with large uterine size. All successfully underwent NDVH. 25 patients had uterus of 10-12 weeks size, 17 had uterine size of 12-14 weeks size. Mean duration of surgery was 90 min. Mean blood loss was 300ml. Post-operative complications were minimal. All patients had early mobility with faster resumption to daily activities. Mean hospital stay was 4-5 days.Conclusions: Non descent vaginal hysterectomy is safe, cost effective method of hysterectomy in women with large uterus requiring hysterectomy for benign conditions with less complications, shorter hospital stay and less morbidity

Assessment of awareness on generic drugs among health care professionals and laypersons

Background: In the present day world the expenditure on medicines is very high. Most of the people in developing countries find it difficult to afford expensive medicines. One of the measures to cut down the expenditure on medicines is to use generic drugs. Hence the study was taken up to know the awareness, attitude and preference for generic drugs among medical and non medical persons.Methods: The study was done on 290 participants. 60 medical interns, 30 doctors, 50 nurses, 50 non medical staff (clerks and attenders) and 100 patients were included. They were given a questionnaire to know the awareness and knowledge on generic drugs, willingness to prescribe (among doctors) and use it (non medical staff and patients).Results: This study showed that all medical persons- doctors, interns and nurses knew about generic drugs whereas 60% of non medical staff and 95% of the patients were not aware about it. All doctors had good knowledge about generic drugs and 80% prescribed it always. 70% of the patients depended on what doctors prescribed for them and never asked for generic/ branded drugs in particular. 70% non medical staff preferred it only sometimes.Conclusions: The awareness among non medical persons is poor than medical persons among the surveyed population. Hence adequate measures should be taken to increase awareness and knowledge among public so that they become imperative enough to ask their doctors to prescribe generic drugs

Impact of educational intervention on pressurized metered dose inhaler technique among undergraduate medical students

Background: Inhaled medications form the cornerstone for the management of Asthma and related diseases. Proper technique of pressurized metered dose Inhalers (pMDIs) has proven to be associated with higher level of control of these conditions. Medical personnel who are responsible for training patients must themselves be proficient with usage of pMDI. This study evaluated the outcome of different educational interventions regarding the correct usage of pMDI.Methods: An interventional study was carried out with 60 second year medical students in department of pharmacology, HIMS, Hassan from June to August 2015. Pre and post intervention (after one week and one month) was evaluated based on National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) criteria for the use of pMDI by written and demonstration methods. The interventions included a video clip, an information leaflet and demonstration by a trained faculty.Results: Overall mean scores in pre-test for written knowledge and skill demonstration are 2.13±1.49 and 3.78±1.06 .There was substantial improvement in post intervention scores 7.15±1.41 and 7.37±1.67 (p<0.05) . Using one way ANOVA, demonstration group has shown statistically significant improvement in mean score compared to video and checklist groups in 1 week (8.8 versus 7.2 and 6.1, p<0.05) and 1 month (8.25 versus 7.1 and 5.7 (p<0.05) after the intervention.Conclusions: Correct usage of pMDI is a necessary skill for health care professionals and can be taught by various methods. The educational intervention by an interactive demonstration has proven to be effective in learning the inhaler technique

A Study about Unemployment in India – 2004 - 2018

Unemployment is one of the growing economic concerns for a developing country like India, which has the world’s largest youth population. Young Indians face a lot of barriers due to poverty and lack of technical skills required to get into the right job. Though there are a lot of reforms in the education sector, gaining a stable position in the labor market is difficult. Most men in rural areas are now shifting to casual jobs rather than farming activities and women tend to be self-employed. This paper explores the trend in the unemployment rate from 2004 -2018. It provides an overall analysis of the unemployment rate among males and females, rural and urban areas, states and the union territories as well as the relationship between GSDP and unemployment. The paper provides a comparative analysis on the unemployment rate during the Covid-19 pandemic

A prospective evaluation of efficacy and safety of topical bromfenac 0.09% over topical flurbiprofen 0.03% after cataract surgery

Background: Different medications are used to reduce pain and inflammation after cataract surgery. Hence this study was taken up to compare the efficacy and safety of topical bromfenac 0.09% over topical flurbiprofen 0.03% in reducing anterior chamber inflammation and pain after cataract surgery.Methods: Total of 100 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery with posterior chamber intra ocular lens (IOL) implantation were randomly allocated to receive bromfenac 0.09% and flurbiprofen 0.03% topically from first post-operative day onwards for 6 weeks. Assessment of anterior chamber inflammation and pain was done by slit lamp and visual analogue scale respectively on each follow up days. Analysis was done by unpaired t test and Fischer’s exact test.Results: The response to treatment was earlier in bromfenac group for all the inflammatory changes (significant difference was found on day 7, p<0.05) except for corneal edema where both the groups showed similar response. On 7th day after surgery, 72% patients in flurbiprofen group and 12% in bromfenac group had pain (score1), while on the 14th day none in the bromfenac group complained of pain whereas 4% in flurbiprofen group still had pain. Both the drugs were safe and no clinically serious adverse effects were observed in either of the groups.Conclusions: This study showed both the medications, topical bromfenac 0.09% and topical flurbiprofen 0.03% effective and safe in reducing pain and anterior chamber inflammation after cataract surgery but the response was earlier with bromfenac 0.09%

Development and validation of a Yoga module for Primary dysmenorrhoea

Menstrual pain without organic pathology is considered to be primary dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhoea refers to the occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin. It is a common gynaecological condition with considerable morbidity affecting majority of the adolescent girls, yet which is under diagnosed and under treated. Yoga can be considered as a simple and safe management tool for Primary Dysmenorrhoea. Studies have reported the beneficial role of Yoga in alleviating the symptoms of Primary dysmenorrhoea; however, a validated Yoga module for Primary dysmenorrhoea is unavailable. This study developed and validated an integrated Yoga module (IYM) for Primary dysmenorrhoea. Methods: The IYM was prepared after a thorough review of classical Yoga texts and previous findings. Twenty experienced Yoga experts, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were selected validating the content of the IYM. A total of 38 practices were included in the IYM, and each practice was discussed and rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential, and (iii) essential; the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated using Lawshe’s formula. Results: Data analysis revealed that of the 38 IYM practices, 18 exhibited significant content validity (cut-off value: 0.42, as calculated by applying Lawshe’s formula for the CVR). Conclusion: The IYM is valid for Primary dysmenorrhoea, with good content validity. However, future studies must determine the feasibility and efficacy of the developed module

A STUDY ON QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

The significance of quality assurance and control is emphasized in this abstract in some of the different industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, information technology, and services. It draws attention to how diverse these fields are and how they can foster both client loyalty and company effectiveness. Adopting quality assurance and control is still essential for attaining sustainable growth and success as industries change. In a time of intense international rivalry and quick technical development, businesses who put a high priority on quality assurance and control have an advantage. Businesses may fulfil present market demands and adjust to evolving client wants by investing in strong quality management systems. Adopting quality control and assurance principles also promotes an organizational culture of transparency, accountability, and ongoing development

Clinicopathological analysis of ovarian tumours: a 10 year retrospective study

Background: Ovarian tumors account for 30% of all cancers of female genital tract which represents the sixth most common cancer and fourth leading cause of death in women. The present study was done with an objective to determine the frequency and distribution of various ovarian tumors and to study their clinical and histopathological presentations.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of patients with ovarian tumors subjected to surgery in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital from January 2005 to December 2015.Results: There were 642 cases comprising of 77.7% of neoplastic lesions and 22.3% of non-neoplastic lesions. Majority of the ovarian tumors (83%) were seen in the age group of 20 to 50 years. Mean age for ovarian tumors was 38 years.  Among the neoplastic lesions 84% were benign, 14.2% were malignant and 1.8% were borderline tumors. Surface epithelial tumors were the commonest tumors (60.9%) followed by germ cell tumors (12.8%).  Serous cystadenoma was the most common benign tumors (47.1%) followed by mucinous cystadenoma (18.4%). Among the ovarian malignant tumors; serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common (4.5%) followed by mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (2.6%). Chocolate cysts were the most common among the non-neoplastic lesions (36.4%).Conclusions: Ovarian neoplastic lesions were more common than non-neoplastic lesions. Benign ovarian tumors were common in reproductive age group.  The mean age of occurrence for ovarian tumor was 38 years. The most common neoplasm was surface epithelial tumors, of which serous tumors was the commonest. Chocolate cysts were the most frequently encountered histopathological finding among the non-neoplastic lesions

A STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PROVIDING RURAL EMPLOYMENT, MANDYA

The Shri Kshethra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project (SKDRDP) has been a cornerstone of rural development efforts in India aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of rural communities. This study explores the effectiveness of the SKDRDP in providing rural employment opportunities and the impact it has had on the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. The study indicates that the SKDRDP has played a pivotal role in providing rural employment opportunities to the local population. Through various initiatives, including skill development programs, micro-enterprise support, and infrastructure development projects, the project has significantly increased rural employment. Beneficiaries reported improved income levels and quality of result of their involvement in SKDRDP activities. The SKDRDP has proven to be effective in providing rural employment opportunities and enhancing the livelihoods of the rural population. It acts as a model for comprehensive rural development, emphasizing skill-building, self-reliance, and community empowerment. The study's conclusions underscore the importance of continued support for such initiatives to further rural development and reduce poverty in India