Deciphering Proteomic Signatures of Early Diapause in Nasonia

Insect diapause is an alternative life-history strategy used to increase longevity and survival in harsh environmental conditions. Even though some aspects of diapause are well investigated, broader scale studies that elucidate the global metabolic adjustments required for this remarkable trait, are rare. In order to better understand the metabolic changes during early insect diapause, we used a shotgun proteomics approach on early diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of the recently sequenced hymenopteran model organism Nasonia vitripennis. Our results deliver insights into the molecular underpinnings of diapause in Nasonia and corroborate previously reported diapause-associated features for invertebrates, such as a diapause-dependent abundance change for heat shock and storage proteins. Furthermore, we observed a diapause-dependent switch in enzymes involved in glycerol synthesis and a vastly changed capacity for protein synthesis and degradation. The abundance of structural proteins and proteins involved in protein synthesis decreased with increasing diapause duration, while the abundance of proteins likely involved in diapause maintenance (e.g. ferritins) increased. Only few potentially diapause-specific proteins were identified suggesting that diapause in Nasonia relies to a large extent on a modulation of pre-existing pathways. Studying a diapause syndrome on a proteomic level rather than isolated pathways or physiological networks, has proven to be an efficient and successful avenue to understand molecular mechanisms involved in diapause

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER GIVES AN ACCOUNT OF TRADITIONAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS PRACTISED IN WESTERN AND EASTERN GHATS IN GENERAL AND NILGIRI HILL REGION IN PARTICULAR. THE PRACTICES WITH REGARD TO TAUNGYA AND ENERGY PLANTATIONS, HOME GARDENS, BORDER PLANTING, MULTI- TIER CROPPING SYSTEM, PLANTATIONS WITH TERRACED HILL FARMING, IRRIGATED AGROFORESTRY , INTERCROPPING WITH MEDICINAL PLANTS/ OILSEED TREES, WIND BREAKERS , ETC HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED. FOR NILGIRI REGION, BLUEGUM ( EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS) BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED WITH THE SUPPORT OF RESEARCH DATA.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFIELD EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED ON LATERITIC SILTY CLAY LOAM SOILS OF OOTACAMUND DURING SUMMER SEASONS OF 1979 TO 1981 TO EVOLVE SUITABLE METHODS OF WEED CONTROL IN POTATO (cv KUFRI JYOTI) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS. IT WAS FOUND THAT PARAQUAT APPLICATION AT 0.36 kg/ha AS POST EMERGENCE SPRAY WAS VERY EFFECTIVE ON WEEDS, ENHANCED TUBER YIELD ( 54% OVER UNWEEDED CONTROL) , ECONOMICAL ( RS 5988 ADDITIONAL PROFIT/ ha OVER UNWEEDED CONTROL) AND REDUCED THE NUTRIENT LOSSES ( 60,11 AND 71 kg N,P AND K /ha , RESPECTIVELY OVER UNWEEDED CONTROL)Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE SURFACE SOILS AND ERODED MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM TWO FIELD EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS DURING RABI SEASON OF 1971-72 WERE SUBJECTED TO NUTRIENT ANALYSIS. THE RUNOFF SAMPLES FROM EACH RUNOFF OCCURRING STORM WERE ALSO COLLECTED AND ANALYSED FOR AMMONICAL AND NITRATE NITROGEN CONTENTS. RESULTS OBTAINED HAVE SHOWN THAT ERODED MATERIAL WAS RICHER IN ALL PLANT FOOD INGREDIENTS THAN IN ORIGINAL SOIL. THE LOSS OF NUTRIENT DEPENDS NOT ONLY ON THE INTENSITY OF RAINS, BUT ALSO ON THE TIME DURING WHICH THEY OCCUR. IN TERMS OF ENRICHMENT RATIOS, NUTRIENT LOSSES INDICATE THAT THE AVAILABLE PHOSPHOROUS SUFFERS MAXIMUM AMONGST THE NUTRIENTS STUDIED. HOWEVER , WHEN THE LOSSES ARE QUANTIFIED , PHOSPHOROUS SUFFERS MINIMUM. THE LOSSES OF Ex-Ca , ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN ARE COMPARATIVELY CONSIDERABLE IN THE ERODED MATERIAL.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE SURFACE SOILS AND ERODED MATERIAL OBTAINED FROM TWO FIELD EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS DURING RABI SEASON OF 1971-72 WERE SUBJECTED TO NUTRIENT ANALYSIS. RESULTS INDICATE THAT ERODED MATERIAL WAS RICHER IN ALL PLANT FOOD INGREDIENTS THAN IN THE ORIGINAL SOIL. THE LOSS OF NUTRIENTS DEPEND NOT ONLY ON THE INTENSITY OF RAINS, BUT ALSO ON THE TIME DURING WHICH THEY OCCUR.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE PAPER PRESENTS RESULTS OF THE STUDIES UNDERTAKEN AT BELLARY ON BAJRA , SETARIA, JOWAR, SAFFLOWER USING SAND CULTURE TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE CRITICAL STAGES OF CROP GROWTH FOR MOISTURE STRESS BY SUBJECTING THE PLANTS TO MOISTURE STRESS AT PRE- DETERMINED GROWTH STAGES. REDUCTION IN YIELD AS A RESULT OF MOISTURE STRESS WAS MUCH LESS IN BAJRA COMPARED TO SETARIA AND JOWAR DUE TO ITS NON- SYNCHRONOUS GROWTH HABITS. BOOT LEAF AND FLOWERING WERE MORE SENSITIVE FOR MOISTURE STRESS THAN OTHER PHASES IN JOWAR. SAFFLOWER WAS HIGHLY SENSITIVE DURING BRANCH INITIATION TO FLOWERING AS AGAINST BUDDING TO MATURITY IN SUNFLOWER. JOWAR FOLLOWED BY SAFFLOWER WOULD GIVE BETTER EFFICIENCY FOR MOISTURE UTILIZATION WITH PROTECTIVE IRRIGATION UNDER RABI CONDITIONS.Not Availabl

High-resolution arrays reveal burden of copy number variations on Parkinson disease genes associated with increased disease risk in random cohorts

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurological disease responsible for a considerable rate of mortality and morbidity in the society. Since the symptoms of the disease appear much later than the actual onset of neuron degeneration, a majority of cases remain undiagnosed until the manifestation of the symptoms. Objectives: In order to investigate the existence of such susceptibility in the population, we analyzed Copy Number Variation (CNV) influences on PD genes in 1715 individuals from 12 different populations. Results: Overall, 16 CNV-PD genes, 3 known to be causal and 13 associated, were found to be significantly enriched. PARK2, was under heavy burden with ~1% of the population containing CNV in the exonic region. The impact of these genes on the genome and disease pathway was analyzed using several genome analysis tools. Protein interaction network of CNV-PD genes revealed a complex interaction of molecules forming a major hub by the α-Synuclein, whose direct interactors, LRRK2, PARK2 and ATP13A2 are under CNV influence

High-resolution arrays reveal burden of copy number variations on Parkinson disease genes associated with increased disease risk in random cohorts

<p>Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurological disease responsible for a considerable rate of mortality and morbidity in the society. Since the symptoms of the disease appear much later than the actual onset of neuron degeneration, a majority of cases remain undiagnosed until the manifestation of the symptoms.</p> <p>Objectives: In order to investigate the existence of such susceptibility in the population, we analyzed Copy Number Variation (CNV) influences on PD genes in 1715 individuals from 12 different populations.</p> <p>Results: Overall, 16 CNV-PD genes, 3 known to be causal and 13 associated, were found to be significantly enriched. PARK2, was under heavy burden with ~1% of the population containing CNV in the exonic region. The impact of these genes on the genome and disease pathway was analyzed using several genome analysis tools. Protein interaction network of CNV-PD genes revealed a complex interaction of molecules forming a major hub by the α-Synuclein, whose direct interactors, LRRK2, PARK2 and ATP13A2 are under CNV influence.</p> <p>Conclusions: We hypothesize that CNVs may not be the initiating event in the pathogenesis of PD and remain latent until additional secondary hits are acquired and also propose novel genes that may fall under the PD pathway which contribute in pathogenesis.</p