Vers un droit à l’autonomie des personnes vivant avec la maladie d’Alzheimer?

Towards a right to autonomy for people living with dementia? One of the key challenges of the 21st century is to protect the autonomy of an ageing population, with a growing proportion living with cognitive impairments. However, this is an arduous task faced with important issues. The first one is to agree as to what autonomy means, in a context in which international treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights or the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities take different approaches. For the European Court of Human Rights, it is not necessary to choose between autonomy and protection of the person against oneself; on the contrary for the Committee on the rights of persons with disabilities, the priority has to be the maximum preservation of autonomous decision-making even to the point of overlooking the necessary protection. The second hurdle follows: how to conform to these international human rights norms which diverge in their understanding of the relationship of the individual and the community? Thus this is not an easy task for states, like the UK, which have adopted recent legislation meant to increase the role of the will and preferences of individuals at every stage of their lives, whilst maintaining a minimum level of protection. In England, the key instrument is the Mental Capacity Act 2005 which is meant to be "dementia-friendly" but still faces many implementation issues

Tuberculosis Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses During the First 6 Months of Antiretroviral Treatment

The reconstitution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-antigen-specific CD4 T cells in a cohort of HIV-infected persons starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in high TB endemic area is described. Restoration of the antigen-specific CD4 T cell subsets mirrored the overall CD4 T cell compartment. Activation (assessed by HLA-DR expression) decreased during ART but remained elevated compared to HIV-uninfected persons. Despite known Mtb sensitisation determined by IGRA, 12/23 participants had no Mtb-specific CD4 T cells detectable by flow cytometry, combined with overall elevated T cell activation and memory differentiation, suggesting heightened turnover. Our data suggest early ART initiation to maintain polyfunctional immune memory responses

The effects of juridification on states exiting international institutions

This article complements the doctrine of termination of membership by arguing that at times international organizations (IOs) can still exert considerable normative effects on states that withdraw or express the intent to withdraw from them. We capture this continuing influence, which can collide with the exiting state’s intended goal of regaining control over specific issues, with a theoretical framework based on juridification as a socio-legal concept of systems theory in the international legal context. The aim is to explain the endogenous process of legal growth within the IO via bureaucratization and expert rule, which eventually affects the norms of the wider legal regime where the IO operates. With three case studies of IO exits, we illustrate the continuation of normative structures promoted directly or indirectly by the IO, according to two legal techniques of juridification: third-party interpretation on the one hand, and the extended reach of norms and processes through the work of non-state actors on the other. Overall, widening the theoretical perspective on state exits under systems theory can lead to more complete judgements on the tensions between domestic and supranational systems in the expansion of global normative regimes

Développement et validation d’une méthode de dosage des traces de détergents inactivants totaux du prion

OBJECTIVES: In this study, a novel analytical method to quantify prion inactivating detergent in rinsing waters coming from the washer-disinfector of a hospital sterilization unit has been developed. The final aim was to obtain an easy and functional method in a routine hospital process which does not need the cleaning product manufacturer services. METHODS: An ICP-MS method based on the potassium dosage of the washer-disinfector\u27s rinsing waters was developed. Potassium hydroxide is present on the composition of the three prion inactivating detergent currently on the French market. The detergent used in this study was the Actanios LDI(®) (Anios laboratories). A Passing and Bablok regression compares concentrations measured with this developed method and with the HPLC-UV manufacturer method. RESULTS: According to results obtained, the developed method is easy to use in a routine hospital process. The Passing and Bablok regression showed that there is no statistical difference between the two analytical methods during the second rinsing step. Besides, both methods were linear on the third rinsing step, with a 1.5ppm difference between the concentrations measured for each method. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the ICP-MS method developed is nonspecific for the detergent, but specific for the potassium element which is present in all prion inactivating detergent currently on the French market. This method should be functional for all the prion inactivating detergent containing potassium, if the sensibility of the method is sufficient when the potassium concentration is very low in the prion inactivating detergent formulation

DISTRIBUTIONS ISOTOPIQUES DES PRODUITS DE TRANSFERTS TRÈS INÉLASTIQUES ENTRE IONS LOURDS

On compare les distributions isotopiques expérimentales des produits de transfert très inélastiques obtenus par les réactions 40Ca (284 MeV) + 40Ca et 40Ar (295 MeV) + 232Th

Copyright Notice

The Routing Over Low-Power and Lossy (ROLL) networks Working Group has been chartered to work on routing solutions for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) in various markets: industrial, commercial (building), home, and urban networks. Pursuant to this effort, this document defines the IPv6 routing requirements for building automation. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained a

EP-1245: Gated Rapidarc using KV intrafraction verification for liver stereotactic treatment

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Building automation routing requirements in low-power and lossy networks

The Routing Over Low-Power and Lossy (ROLL) networks Working Group has been chartered to work on routing solutions for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) in various markets: industrial, commercial (building), home, and urban networks. Pursuant to this effort, this document defines the IPv6 routing requirements for building automation