Modification of established rejection of canine kidney and liver homografts with antilymphocyte gamma-G globulin

Heterologous ALG was administered to ten canine recipients of renal homografts and one recipient of an orthotopic liver. Treatment was started after rejection was well established. Death from homograft failure was thereby significantly delayed and in several experiments the rejection was at least partially reversed. © 1969

Protecting Plato

The purpose of this project was to raise $1,200 to purchase a bulletproof, shatterproof vest for the newest member of the Pataskala Police Department K9 Unit. Recently, there have been many stories of K9s being killed in the line of duty. By providing a vest for a K9, we are hoping to protect him and allow him to continue what he does to protect the community. To raise money, we created a GoFundMe page that we shared on Facebook. We ended up raising$320 on the page and were very grateful that an anonymous donor stepped forward and donated the full $1,200. The money raised is enough to buy a vest for the new dog and the extra will go to the K9 fund to pay for medicine, toys, food and vet bills. The officers of the Pataskala Police Department were very thankful for our fundraiser and offered to come to Otterbein University and put on a K9 Demonstration, which was very successful. Providing this protective vest for the new dog will keep him safe as he works everyday to fight crime in his community. Hopefully, he will be able to work for many years to come. Additionally, we hope to increase communications with Otterbein and the Pataskala, Heath and Newark Police Departments so that when a new need arises, other students will be able to step up and help

Review and appraisal - Cost-benefit analyses of earth resources survey satellite systems

Review and assessment of documents concerning cost and benefits of ERS satellites, and value of these studies in directing R and D activitie

Interspecies reactivity and intraspecies specificity of antilymphoid globulin

Horse antihuman and antidog antilymphocyte globulins were shown to possess leukoagglutinating antibodies when tested against the white cells from a number of other divergent species. In addition, the white cells of individuals within the species against which immunization was originally conducted were variably affected by the immune globulin. The latter observation suggests that these globulins could be more effective in some cases than in others if they were used therapeutically for their immunosuppressive qualities. © 1967

The effect of diabetes mellitus on portal blood hepatotrophic factors in dogs

Ten nondiabetic dogs were submitted to a procedure called splanchnic division which directed the nutrient rich venous return from the intestines into the left lobes of the liver and the hormone rich pancreatico gastroduodeno splenic venous return into the right lobes. Two mth later, the right lobes had undergone the expected gross and microscopic hypertrophy. Compared with the abnormal shrunken and glycogen depleted hepatocytes of the left lobes, the large and otherwise normal hepatocytes of the right lobes had a higher rate of cell division as judged by microscopic examination, measurements of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and the results of autoradiography. Both sides had greater cell replication than in the livers of normal unaltered dogs. The dominance of the right lobes following splanchnic division was almost completely eliminated by the prior creation of alloxan induced diabetes in 4 dogs and by the performance of total pancreatectomy at the same time as splanchnic division in 6 dogs. In these 10 diabetic dogs, which were treated with Sc administered insulin for the 2 mth period of the postoperative study, hepatic lobar and cell size were nearly equal on both sides. By light and electron microscopy, the hepatocytes on both sides had abnormalities, somewhat less pronounced on the right. However, the most active cell division was now transferred to the left lobes. The results with alloxan induced diabetes were similar to those after total pancreatectomy, except that lipid deposits were less on both liver sides in the alloxan experiments, and the glycogen was selectively reduced in the right lobes. The latter finding presumably was due to the continued action of glucagon in dogs made diabetic with alloxan. 12 nondiabetic dogs had a procedure called partial portacaval transposition which directed systemic venous blood from the hindquarters, kidneys and adrenal glands into the left lobes of the liver and the total splanchnic venous return into the right lobes. Two mth later, the degree of relative hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the glycogen rich right lobes was even greater than after splanchnic division, as was the morphologic damage to the left lobar hepatocytes. The degree of right lobar hypertrophy following partial portacaval transposition was reduced but not eliminated by pre existing alloxan induced diabetes in 4 dogs and by concomitant total pancreatectomy in 6 more dogs. The dogs were Sc treated with insulin. Structurally, the hepatocytes on the right side after 2 mth were in better condition than were those on the left, although both were abnormal. The dominance of cell division on the right side was reduced, as judged by standard microscopy and by autoradiography, but there was not a shifting of sides. The biochemical analyses reflected the presence or absence of glucagon. These findings are consistent with the earlier multifactorial hypothesis which holds that portal hepatotrophic factors are mainly interreacting hormones generated by splanchnic organs and delivered straight to the liver and that the hormone interrelationships might have augmented significance because of the high concentration of nutritional substrate in the same venous blood. The observations also substantiate by direct testing the suggestion that insulin is the most important hepatotrophic factor and that it profoundly affects many aspects of liver cell structure, division and function

Predicted efficiency of Si wire array solar cells

Solar cells based on arrays of CVD-grown Si nano- or micro-wires have attracted interest as potentially low-cost alternatives to conventional wafer-based Si photovoltaics [1-6], and single-wire solar cells have been reported with efficiencies of up to 3.4% [7]. We recently presented device physics simulations which predicted efficiencies exceeding 17%, based on experimentally observed diffusion lengths within our wires [8]. However, this model did not take into account the optical properties of a wire array device - in particular the inherently low packing fraction of wires within CVD-grown wire arrays, which might limit their ability to fully absorb incident sunlight. For this reason, we have combined a device physics model of Si wire solar cells with FDTD simulations of light absorption within wire arrays to investigate the potential photovoltaic efficiency of this cell geometry. We have found that even a sparsely packed array (14%) is expected to absorb moderate (66%) amounts of above-bandgap solar energy, yielding a simulated photovoltaic efficiency of 14.5%. Because the wire array comprises such a small volume of Si, the observed absorption represents an effective optical concentration, which enables greater operating voltages than previously predicted for Si wire array solar cells

Spray nozzle designs for agricultural aviation applications

Techniques of generating monodisperse sprays and information concerning chemical liquids used in agricultural aviation are surveyed. The periodic dispersion of liquid jet, the spinning disk method, and ultrasonic atomization are the techniques discussed. Conceptually designed spray nozzles for generating monodisperse sprays are assessed. These are based on the classification of the drops using centrifugal force, on using two opposing liquid laden air jets, and on operating a spinning disk at an overloaded flow. Performance requirements for the designs are described and estimates of the operational characteristics are presented

Portal hepatotrophic factors, diabetes mellitus and acute liver atrophy, hypertrophy and regeneration

The acute influence of portal blood hepatotrophic factors upon the canine liver and upon hepatic regeneration was studied after surgical operations which provided qualitatively different portal venous perfusion to the right and left liver lobes. With one such procedure called splanchnic division, the nutrient rich venous return from the intestines was directed to the left lobes, whereas the hormone rich blood from the pancreas and other splanchnic organs of the upper part of the abdomen passed to the right lobes. Within 3 to 5 days, the rate of cell division of both liver sides was increased as judged by autoradiography, but the hormone influenced right lobes exhibited hypertrophy and hyperplasia relative to the nutrient enriched left lobes. In the latter, the hepatocytes underwent pronounced atrophy, deglycogenation, depletion or distortion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, fatty vacuolization and othe structural changes. When 30 or 60% hepatic resection was carried out at the same time as splanchnic division, the regeneration of the hormone dominated hepatic tissue after 3 to 5 days was greater than that of the hepatic tissue receiving the intestinal venous effluent, as judged by multiple criteria, although both liver sides participated in the regeneration process. The advantage enjoyed by the right liver lobes in relation to the left liver lobes both in the resting or in the regenerating state after splanchnic division was reduced or eliminated by pre existing alloxan induced diabetes or after concomitant total pancreatectomy. Similar, but less complete, observations about the effect of pancreatectomy were made in dogs submitted to the procedure of partial portacaval transposition, in which all the splanchnic venous blood passed to the right lobes, whereas the left lobes were revascularized with systemic venous blood from the vena cava. These observations have added to the recent torrent of evidence that insulin is the most easily demonstrable and, therefore, probably the most important specific hepatotrophic factor in portal venous blood. At the same time, further subtle support was added to a previously proposed hypothesis that multiple other hormonal and possibly nonhormonal factors from the splanchnic viscera and other sources also contribute to the essence of the hepatotrophic effects. These effects were evident and quite advanced within a few days. A prominent hepatotrophic role of glucagon was not identifiable

Omnivorousness in sport: The importance of social capital and networks

There has been for some time a significant and growing body of research around the relationship between sport and social capital. Similarly, within sociology there has been a corpus of work that has acknowledged the emergence of the omnivore–univore relationship. Surprisingly, relatively few studies examining sport and social capital have taken the omnivore–univore framework as a basis for understanding the relationship between sport and social capital. This gap in the sociology of sport literature and knowledge is rectified by this study that takes not Putnam, Coleman or Bourdieu, but Lin’s social network approach to social capital. The implications of this article are that researchers investigating sport and social capital need to understand more about how social networks and places for sport work to create social capital and, in particular, influence participating in sporting activities. The results indicate that social networks both facilitate and constrain sports participation; whilst family and friendship networks are central in active lifestyles, those who are less active have limited networks