Simulated Annealing for Location Area Planning in Cellular networks

LA planning in cellular network is useful for minimizing location management cost in GSM network. In fact, size of LA can be optimized to create a balance between the LA update rate and expected paging rate within LA. To get optimal result for LA planning in cellular network simulated annealing algorithm is used. Simulated annealing give optimal results in acceptable run-time.Comment: 7 Pages, JGraph-Hoc Journa

Acoustic and refractometric study of binary mixtures of 1-Propanol + Benzonitrile at 313 K

Ultrasonic speed (U), refractive index (n) and density (ρ) for binary mixtures of various concentrations of 1-Propanol (1-PrOH) with Benzonitrile (BN) have been measured at constant temperature 313 K. Various acoustic and optical parameters have been determined from the measured values of ultrasonic speed, refractive index and density of binary liquid mixtures. Excess of measured acoustic and optical parameters have been evaluated and fitted in R-K polynomial. The deviations in the sign and values of these parameters from the ideal mixing reveal inter-molecular interactions in the liquid mixture. Several theoretical mixing relations for ultrasonic speed and refractive index for the binary mixtures have been applied and verified for the same

Approximate Analytical Solution of Advection-Dispersion Equation By Means of OHAM.

This work deals with the analytical solution of advection dispersion equation arising in solute transport along unsteady groundwater flow in finite aquifer. A time dependent input source concentration is considered at the origin of the aquifer and it is assumed that the concentration gradient is zero at the other end of the aquifer. The optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) is used to obtain numerical and graphical representation

Spin-Hall effect and circular birefringence of a uniaxial crystal plate

The linear birefringence of uniaxial crystal plates is known since the 17th century, and it is widely used in numerous optical setups and devices. Here we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, a fine lateral circular birefringence of such crystal plates. This effect is a novel example of the spin-Hall effect of light, i.e., a transverse spin-dependent shift of the paraxial light beam transmitted through the plate. The well-known linear birefringence and the new circular birefringence form an interesting analogy with the Goos-H\"anchen and Imbert-Fedorov beam shifts that appear in the light reflection at a dielectric interface. We report the experimental observation of the effect in a remarkably simple system of a tilted half-wave plate and polarizers using polarimetric and quantum-weak-measurement techniques for the beam-shift measurements. In view of great recent interest in spin-orbit interaction phenomena, our results could find applications in modern polarization optics and nano-photonics.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Optic

Anti-viral and in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of leaves of rubia cordifolia

The aim of this research was to develop the pharmacognostical parameters and phytochemical screening along with histological studies and the leaf powder of Rubia cordifolia. The dried leaves of Rubia cordifolia. (Family: Rubiaceae) were subjected to standardization by following pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening methods. Rubia cordifolia was investigated for preliminary phytochemical analysis and characterization by various instrumental techniques. Methanolic extracts of Rubia cordifolia leaves was very good antibacterial activity and also minimum inhibitory concentrating of different virus using HEL cell cultures, HeLa cell cultures and Vero cell cultures but MIC of Herpes simplex - 1 and 2, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis and Herpes simplex-1 (TK ACVI) were observed very good antiviral activity of Rubia cordifolia leaves DMSO extracts has good minimum cytotoxic concentration activity and also screening for various pharmaceuticals activities. Such as anti oxidant and microbial activities. Keywords: Antiviral and Microbial activity, Phytochemical and Pharmacognostical screening, DPPH, free radical scavenging activity, Rubia cordifolia

Analytic Analysis for Oil Recovery During Cocurrent Imbibition in Inclined Homogeneous Porous Medium

This paper focuses on the analysis of cocurrent imbibition phenomenon which occurs during secondary oil recovery process.In cocurrent imbibition, a strongly wetting phase(water) displaces a non-wetting phase(oil) spontaneously under the influence of capillary forces such that the oil moves in the same direction to the water. We use an optimal homotopy analysis method to derive an approximate analytical expression for saturation of water when the viscosity of the non-wetting phase is non-negligible

Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Tablet of Zolpidem Tartrate by Melt Granulation Technique

The present investigation describes the influence of the concentration of PEG 6000 as a melt binder and ratio of HPMC K4M : PVP on Zolpidem tartrate controlled-release tablet formulations using 32 full factorial design. The ratio of HPMC K4M and PVP K30 (X1) and the concentration of melt binder (X2) were selected as independent variables, and drug release at 1 hr (Q1), 4 hr (Q4), 8 hr (Q8), diffusion coefficient (n), and release rate constant (K) were selected as a dependent variable. Tablets were prepared by melt granulation technique and evaluated for various evaluation parameters. It was observed that concentration of melt binder had significant effect on Q1, Q4, n, and K Binder concentration 25% w/w was found optimum. Optimized formulation (F7) showed good similarity with theoretical profile of drug. The X2 variable had a significant effect on dependent variables, and the X1 variable had no significant effect on dependent variables

Leveraging Plasmonic Hot Electrons to Quench Defect Emission in Metal -- Semiconductor Nanostructured Hybrids: Experiment and Modeling

Modeling light-matter interaction in hybrid plasmonic materials is vital to their widening relevance from optoelectronics to photocatalysis. Here, we explore photoluminescence from ZnO nanorods (ZNR) embedded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A progressive increase in Au NP concentration introduces significant structural disorder and defects in the ZNRs, which paradoxically quenches defect related visible photoluminescence (PL) while intensifying the near band edge (NBE) emission. Under UV excitation, the simulated semi-classical model realizes PL from ZnO with sub-band gap defect states, eliciting visible emissions that are absorbed by Au NPs to generate a non-equilibrium hot carrier distribution. The photo-stimulated hot carriers, transferred to ZnO, substantially modify its steady-state luminescence, reducing NBE emission lifetime and altering the abundance of ionized defect states, finally reducing visible emission. The simulations show that the change in the interfacial band bending at the Au-ZnO interface under optical illumination facilitates charge transfer between the components. This work provides a general foundation to observe and model the hot carrier dynamics in hybrid plasmonic systems