3,039 research outputs found
The reception and implementation of ethical guidelines of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences in medical and nursing practice
Questions under study: We conducted a survey
among Swiss health care professionals on the
reception and implementation of a number of
selected ethical guidelines of the Swiss Academy
of Medical Sciences (SAMS). The following
guidelines were chosen for evaluation: “Care of
patients in the end of life”, “Palliative care”, “Borderline
questions in intensive-care medicine” and
“The determination of death in the context of organ
transplantation”.
Methods: Anonymous questionnaires were sent
to 1933 physicians (general practitioners and internists)
and nurses, randomly chosen from address
lists of the relevant professional associations.
We conducted a statistical analysis using SPSS
16.0.
Results: The response rate was 43.1%. 16.3%
of the responding physicians had never heard of
the guidelines “Care of patients in the end of life”,
30.5% had already heard of them, 34.1% knew
some of their contents and 19.1% were familiar
with the complete content of the guidelines.
60.5% of those physicians and 56.0% of those
nurses who had at least heard of these guidelines
utilised them in clinical practice. The guidelines
“Palliative care” and “Borderline questions in intensive-
care medicine” yielded similar results. By
contrast, only 0.5% of responding physicians reported
never having heard of the guidelines “The
determination of death in the context of organ
transplantation”, 2.9% had already heard of them,
24.4% knew some of their contents and the vast
majority of respondents (72.2%) considered themselves
to be completely familiar with the guidelines.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the evaluated guidelines
is fairly widespread among Swiss GPs,
internists and nurses. The guidelines are utilised
in clinical practice by the majority of those care
providers who are aware of their existence. The
guidelines “The determination of death in the
context of organ transplantation”, as a legally
binding document, are even better known and
routinely implemented in medical practice
One-way quantum computing with arbitrarily large time-frequency continuous-variable cluster states from a single optical parametric oscillator
One-way quantum computing is experimentally appealing because it requires
only local measurements on an entangled resource called a cluster state.
Record-size, but non-universal, continuous-variable cluster states were
recently demonstrated separately in the time and frequency domains. We propose
to combine these approaches into a scalable architecture in which a single
optical parametric oscillator and simple interferometer entangle up to
( frequencies) (unlimited number of temporal modes) into
a new and computationally universal continuous-variable cluster state. We
introduce a generalized measurement protocol to enable improved computational
performance on this new entanglement resource.Comment: (v4) Consistent with published version; (v3) Fixed typo in arXiv
abstract, 14 pages, 8 figures; (v2) Supplemental material incorporated into
main text, additional explanations added, results unchanged, 14 pages, 8
figures; (v1) 5 pages (3 figures) + 6 pages (5 figures) of supplemental
material; submitted for publicatio
Hydrological connectivity inferred from diatom transport through the riparian-stream system
Funding for this research was provided by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) in the framework of the BIGSTREAM (C09/SR/14), ECSTREAM (C12/SR/40/8854) and CAOS (INTER/DFG/11/01) projects. We are most grateful to the Administration des Services Techniques de l’Agriculture (ASTA) for providing meteorological data. We also acknowledge Delphine Collard for technical assistance in diatom sample treatment and preparation, François Barnich for the water chemistry analyses, and Jean-François Iffly, Christophe Hissler, Jérôme Juilleret, Laurent Gourdol and Julian Klaus for their constructive comments on the project and technical assistance in the field.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Source integrals of asymptotic multipole moments
We derive source integrals for multipole moments that describe the behaviour
of static and axially symmetric spacetimes close to spatial infinity. We assume
isolated non-singular sources but will not restrict the matter content
otherwise. Some future applications of these source integrals of the asymptotic
multipole moments are outlined as well.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, contribution to the proceedings of the conference
"Relativity and Gravitation - 100 Years after Einstein in Prague", June
25-29, 2012, Pragu
One-Way Quantum Computing in the Optical Frequency Comb
One-way quantum computing allows any quantum algorithm to be implemented
easily using just measurements. The difficult part is creating the universal
resource, a cluster state, on which the measurements are made. We propose a
radically new approach: a scalable method that uses a single, multimode optical
parametric oscillator (OPO). The method is very efficient and generates a
continuous-variable cluster state, universal for quantum computation, with
quantum information encoded in the quadratures of the optical frequency comb of
the OPO.Comment: v2: changed author order; 4 pages, 3 figures; supplemental movie
available at http://faculty.virginia.edu/quantum/torus.mo
On Long-Range Order in Low-Dimensional Lattice-Gas Models of Nematic Liquid Crystals
The problem of the orientational ordering transition for lattice-gas models
of liquid crystals is discussed in the low-dimensional case . For
isotropic short-range interactions, orientational long-range order at finite
temperature is excluded for any packing of molecules on the lattice ; on
the other hand, for reflection-positive long-range isotropic interactions, we
prove existence of an orientational ordering transition for high packing () and low temperatures ().Comment: 11 page
Solar and Atmospheric Neutrinos: Background Sources for the Direct Dark Matter Searches
In experiments for direct dark matter searches, neutrinos coherently
scattering off nuclei can produce similar events as Weakly Interacting Massive
Particles (WIMPs). The calculated count rate for solar neutrinos in such
experiments is a few events per ton-year. This count rate strongly depends on
the nuclear recoil energy threshold achieved in the experiments for the WIMP
search. We show that solar neutrinos can be a serious background source for
direct dark matter search experiments using Ge, Ar, Xe and CaWO_4 as target
materials. To reach sensitivities better than approximatly 10^-10 pb for the
elastic WIMP nucleon spin-independent cross section in the zero-background
limit, energy thresholds for nuclear recoils should be approximatly >2.05 keV
for CaWO_4, >4.91 keV for Ge, >2.89 keV for Xe, and >8.62 keV for Ar as target
material. Next-generation experiments should not only strive for a reduction of
the present energy thresholds but mainly focus on an increase of the target
mass. Atmospheric neutrinos limit the achievable sensitivity for the
background-free direct dark matter search to approximatly >10^-12 pb.Comment: accepted by Astroparticle Physic
- …