GENDER EMPOWERMENT IN AFRICA: AN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN ERITREAN ECONOMY

The role of women in African economies is more emphasised in recent years by ensuring gender equality and women empowerment. But the fact remains as women have less access to resources, education and health facilities in most of the developing countries. Greater participation of women in economic activities is the major concern of most of the countries in Africa. The picture is same in Eritrea, which became independence recently, with low levels of women education and their participation in the economy. An attempt is made in this paper to analyse women participation in economic activities in Africa in general and Eritrea in particular. The paper also provides some policy measures seeking higher participation of women in Eritrean economy.Women participation, gender gap, women empowerment, formal sector, informal sector, compensation to workers

Atlas of electron content values observed at Urbana, Illinois, 1 December 1967 - 30 December 1970

Ionospheric electron content versus local time data deduced from Faraday rotation observations of ATS-III geostationary satellite signals at Urbana, Illinois are reported. The data are presented in two forms. Values of subionospheric latitude (SILAT) and subionospheric longitude (SILON) are in degrees north and degrees west, respectively. These are computed on the basis of 350 km for the mean ionospheric height, which value is also used for the calculation of the geometric-magnetic factor, required for the conversion of the measured Faraday rotation angle to electron content. Entries of zero for the electron content in the tables represent no data for those times

Problem Struktural Dalam Praktek Peran Manajerial Public Relations: Kasus Indonesia

:The ideal role for Public Relations is managerial role. The indicator for professional Public Relations is when they do the managerial role. In Indonesia, Public Relations find difficulties to do public relations managerial role. The lack of knowledge about public relations role --both in organization and public relations practitioner itself-- is the main factor. In addition, the public relations education in Indonesia is dominated by technical skill. In the other word, public relations practice in Indonesia faces the structural problems. To solve this problem, Indonesia needs a good infrastructure related to the public relations -- in this context is the body of knowledge for PR education. To build a good infrastructure, it requires the support from Public Relations Practitioners, organization or corporation, and government

Strategies for wheat stripe rust pathogenicity identified by transcriptome sequencing

Stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is a major constraint to wheat production worldwide. The molecular events that underlie Pst pathogenicity are largely unknown. Like all rusts, Pst creates a specialized cellular structure within host cells called the haustorium to obtain nutrients from wheat, and to secrete pathogenicity factors called effector proteins. We purified Pst haustoria and used next-generation sequencing platforms to assemble the haustorial transcriptome as well as the transcriptome of germinated spores. 12,282 transcripts were assembled from 454-pyrosequencing data and used as reference for digital gene expression analysis to compare the germinated uredinospores and haustoria transcriptomes based on Illumina RNAseq data. More than 400 genes encoding secreted proteins which constitute candidate effectors were identified from the haustorial transcriptome, with two thirds of these up-regulated in this tissue compared to germinated spores. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression patterns of 94 effector candidates. The analysis also revealed that spores rely mainly on stored energy reserves for growth and development, while haustoria take up host nutrients for massive energy production for biosynthetic pathways and the ultimate production of spores. Together, these studies substantially increase our knowledge of potential Pst effectors and provide new insights into the pathogenic strategies of this important organism.J.P.R. is an ARC Future Fellow (FT0992129). This project has been supported by Bioplatforms Australia through funding from the Commonwealth Government NCRIS and Education Investment Fund Super Science programs

First record of threadfin bream, Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1857) from Andhra Pradesh Coast

Threadfin breams, a major demersal resource of Visakhapatnam region is represented by a single genus Nemipterus and is fished extensively by trawlers. Five species of this genus viz., Nemipterus mesoprion, N. japonicus, N. delagoae, N. Iuteus and N. tolu generally contribute to the fishery of the region. A sixth species, Nemipterus zysron was collected and identified from the catch at Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour on 15th July 2008

Linear Stability of Double Diffusive Convection of Hadley-prats Flow with Viscous Dissipation in a Porous Media

Linear stability analysis of double diffusive convection in a horizontal fluid saturated porous layer has been carried out. Effects of viscous dissipation, horizontal mass flow are taken into account. Combined effects of horizontal mass flow, viscous dissipation may cause instability in the fluid system. To carry out linear stability analysis, disturbances are the form of longitudinal rolls, transverse rolls have been considered. In order to solve eigenvalue problem numerically, Runge-Kutta and shooting methods have been employed for the case of longitudinal rolls. Chebyshev-Tau method has been used for the case of transverse rolls. Critical wave number a(C), critical vertical thermal Rayleigh number Ra-C are evaluated for assigned values of flow governing parameters. For the onset of convection, physical explanation is given

Brillouin Scattering Studies of La_{0.77}Ca_{0.23}MnO_3 Across Metal-Insulator Transition

Temperature-dependent Brillouin scattering studies have been carried out on La_{0.77}Ca_{0.23}MnO_3 across the paramagnetic insulator - ferromagnetic metal (I-M) transition. The spectra show a surface Rayleigh wave (SRW) and a high velocity pseudo surface acoustic wave (HVPSAW) besides bulk acoustic waves (BAW). The Brillouin shifts associated with SRW and HVPSAW show blue-shifts, where as the frequencies of the BAW decrease below the I-M transition temperature (T_C) of 230 K. These results can be understood based on the temperature dependence of the elastic constants. We also observe a central peak whose width is maximum at T_C.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure