Epidemiology of leukemia and multiple myeloma in golestan, Iran

Background: The aim of this paper was to present the incidence rates of leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) in Golestan province located in northeastern Iran during 2004-2009. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data on newly diagnosed (incident) leukemia and MM cases were obtained from collected from Golestan population-based cancer registry. Data was entered into CanReg-4 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100000 person-years) for leukemia and MM were calculated. Data on Golestan population was obtained from the data of Iranian national census in 2006. Results: Totally, 11036 new cancer cases were registered in GPRC from 2004-2009. Leukemia and MM accounted for 693 and 124 of cases, respectively. The mean age in patients with leukemia and MM was 43.8 and 62.4 years, respectively. The ASRs for leukemia among men and women were 10.4 and 7.8, respectively (p<0.001). The ASRs for MM were 2.1 and 2 in men and women, respectively (p=0.93). The rate of leukemia was significantly higher in rural areas (p=0.02) whereas the incidence of MM was higher in urban areas (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results showed a high incidence rate of leukemia in Golestan province of Iran. The incidence of leukemia was significantly higher in males and residents of rural areas. High exposure to pesticides and other agricultural related products may be a possible explanation for epidemiological pattern of leukemia in this area. Determining and controlling important risk factors, especially environmental factors, of leukemia may lead to decrease in its burden in Golestan province of Iran

Facile heterocyclic synthesis and antimicrobial activity of polysubstituted and condensed pyrazolopyranopyrimidine and pyrazolopyranotriazine derivatives

Reaction of 6-amino-3-methyl-4-(substituted phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (1) with triethylorthoformate followed by treatment with hydrazine hydrate, formic acid, acetic acid, phenylisocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate and formamide afforded the corresponding pyranopyrimidine derivatives 2–6. Cyclocondensation of 1 with cyclohexanone afforded pyrazolopyranoquinoline 7. One-pot process of diazotation and de-diazochlorination of 1 afforded pyrazolopyranotriazine derivative 8, which upon treatment with secondary amines afforded 9 and 10a-c. Condensation of 2 with aromatic aldehyde gave the corresponding Schiff bases 11a,b, the oxidative cyclization of the hydrazone with appropriate oxidant afforded 11-(4-fluorophenyl))-2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-10-methyl-8,11-dihydropyrazolo-[4\u27,3\u27:5,6]pyrano[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines (12a,b). Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to norfloxacin and fluconazole as standard drugs. Compounds 9, 10c, 12a and 15 were found to be the most potent antibacterial agents, with activity equal to that of norfloxacin. On the other hand, compound 5 exhibited higher antifungal activity compared to fluconazole

4E assessment of power generation systems for a mobile house in emergency condition using solar energy: a case study

In this study, a solar parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) was evaluated as a heat source of a power generation system based on energy (E1), exergy (E2), environmental (E3), and economic (E4) analyses. Various configurations of power generation systems were investigated, including the solar SRC (SRC) and solar ORC (ORC). Water and R113 were used as heat transfer fluids of SRC and ORC system, respectively. It should be mentioned that the proposed solar systems were evaluated for providing the required power of a mobile house in an emergency condition such as an earthquake that was happened in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2016 with many homeless people. The PTC system was optically and thermally investigated based on sensitivity analysis. The optimized PTC system was assumed as a heat source of the RC with two various configurations for power generation. Then, the solar RC systems were investigated based on 4E analyses for providing the power of the mobile house based on various numbers of solar RC units. It was concluded that the solar SRC system could be recommended for achieving the highest 4E performance. The highest value of its energy efficiency was found at 24.60% and of his exergy at 26.37%. On the other hand, the ORC system has energy and exergy efficiencies at 17.64% and 18.91%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the efficiencies of the SRC system. The optimum heat source temperature for the SRC system is found at 650 K, while for the ORC system at 499 K. Moreover, the best economic performance was found with the SRC system with a payback period of 7.47 years. Finally, the CO2 mitigated per annum (φCO2) was estimated at 5.29 (tones year−1), and the carbon credit (ZCO2) was calculated equal to 76.71 ($ year−1)

Investigation of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (ccr4) gene polymorphism in patients with Gestational Trophoblastic diseases (GTD)

Introduction & Objective: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) consists of a spectrum of disorders that are characterized by an abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue, following an abnormal fertilization. CCR4 is one chemo-attractant receptors preferentially expressed on Th2 cells, and therefore, is likely to participate in the recruitment of antigen-specific Th2 cells to sites of allergen exposure. Variations in CCR4 have been reported. In this study we intended to investigate the relationship between polymorphism of this particular gene at the site of 1014 C/T and GTD. Materials & Methods: In the present study, the polymorphisms of the CCR4 gene at the sites of 1014 C/T was investigated in 100 patients at in 2010 with proved GTD and 120 age-sex matched healthy individuals. Polymorphysm of CC chemokine 4 were investigated in these two groups by PCR-RFLP.These two groups were compared in respect their genotypes and alleles. Results: Frequency of genotype TT, CT, CC patients were 34%, 62% and 4% while the frequency of the control group, were 46.7%, 35.8% and 17.5% respectively. A significant difference was seen in genotype prevalence of 1014 C/T in ccr4 gene in the two mentioned groups (P0.05(. Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between The C-C chemokine receptor type 4 and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), it might be possible to use this gene as a prognostic marker in identifying the susceptible patients

The Effects Foliar Application of Methanol at Different Growth Stages on Kernel Related Traits in Chickpea var. ILC 482

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of methanol on certain kernel related traits at different growth stages of pea var. ILC482 at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2011. The study was conducted in split plot experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Treatments were three levels methanol foliar application at different growth stages (vegetative, reproductive and foliar application at both two stages) which considered as main factor, six levels of foliar application of methanol concentrations: (0 [control], 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%) as sub factor. Results showed that the interactions of methanol applications growth stages and its concentrations on grain number per plant, 100 kernel weight, grain yield, grain filing rate and harvest index were significantly different. Foliar application of methanol at reproductive stage decrease kernel related traits, but this application at both growth stages had positive effect on grain production and kernel related traits. This positive effect on number and 100 kernel weight were significant. The highest grain yield (2460 kg/ha) was obtained by 20% concentration of methanol at both growth stages that increased grain yield above 13.5% compared to the control condition

Investigation of Interleukin -18 Gene Polymorphisms and Serum Level in Patients with Preeclampsia

Background & Aim: Preeclampsia is one of the most important factors in fetal and maternal mortality that seems to change immunological parameters such as rate of auto antibodies and cytokines involved in the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the serum level and frequency of the two polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene promoter in patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. Methods: In the present case-control study conducted at Islamic Azad University of Estahban in 2009-2010, fifty preeclampsia patients and 103 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene at positions -607 (C/A) and -137 (G/C) were analyzed by the Allel specific PCR method. IL-18 serum level was determined, using ELISA method. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney and the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Results: No significant association was found between the serum level, allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions of the SNPs and preeclampsia (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -607 and -137 and serum level did not confer susceptibility to preeclampsia in patients

A Generalized Event Driven Framework for Building Occupancy

Building occupancy is very important for building energy simulation and research, however generating an occupancy model that is closer to the real world occupancy patterns is a very challenging task. In this paper, we have proposed a generalized event driven framework for the simulation of building occupancy. Real humans work together in groups and their presence is affected by events. So, the proposed model incorporates the concept of events and groups. Unlike the existing building occupancy models which were based on Markov chain, the proposed framework is fully event driven and group based which makes it closer to reality. The proposed model develops a generalized framework which will be able to simulate the occupancy patterns for any building be it an office, lab or even a house