Identification of Vulnerable Species and Biological of Sharks from the Indian Ocean (SEASTAR2000)

March 8-9, 2011, BANGKOK, THAILANDMany species of sharks contributing to the most important shark fisheries of the world inhabit the Indian Ocean, including Indonesia waters. Extensive data collecting from various fish landing sites in south- eastern Indonesia was conducted from April 2001 to March 2006 using market survey methods. The aim of this study was to identify the species of sharks from shark fisheries and observe their biological aspects. The results showed that there were 86 species of sharks identified, belonging to 21 families. Several species were categorized as vulnerable, such as: Centrophorus squamosus (Centrophoridae), Isurus paucus, Isurus oxyrhinchus (Lamnidae), Charcharias taurus (Odontaspididae), and Carcharhinus longimanus (Carcharhinidae). Sharks are usually caught by long lines and gillnets. The biological aspects including size range of each species, sex maturity stage, sex ratio, and fishery aspects were described as well

IMPACT OF TURTLE CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMY OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES AND THE NUMBER OF NESTING TURTLES: A CASE STUDY OF PANGUMBAHAN BEACH, SUKABUMI REGENCY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

March 18-19, 2014Pangumbahan beach, located between Ujung Genteng and Pangumbahan villages, in Sukabumi Regency (latitude 7°19'10" to 7°19'50" south and longitude 106o23'00" to 106o24'10" east) has been designated as a "Coastal Park" for sea turtle conservation in West Java Province, Indonesia. The beach is suitable for the nesting of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). The Pangumbahan beach is designated as a coastal park under the decree of the Sukabumi regent No: 523/Kep.639- Dislutkan/2008. Subsequently an increase in the number of visitors was recorded for the period from 2008 to 2012, with the number of people increasing from 13, 176 to 21, 759. This tourism activity seems have brought benefits to the economy of the coastal communities living around the park. The rise of economic activities is seen in various sectors including: transportation, lodging, restaurants, trade and tourism guides. The income of the people before the advent of ecotourism activities had been low, but the awareness of local people is rising significantly, allowing them to participate in developing turtle conservation in the area. This should bode well for the prospects of enhancing the sea turtle population in Indonesia, especially in West Java. However, the number of nesting turtles on the beach has decreased significantly, in contrast to the increasing number of tourists. A causal relationship between these two trends was unclear, but this finding suggests that conservation and management strategies in ecotourism projects should be evaluated well

DEEP-WATER EXPLORATORY BOTTOM LONG LINING IN THE WATERS OF THE ARAFURA SEA

Bottom long line fisheries in the continental shelf area of the Arafura Sea has have practised and developed since the last two decades. But bottom long lining in the slope area seemed to be unusual fishing operation for most Indonesian fishers as this fishing activily facing a relatively higher rbks of fishing gear lost

Struktur Dan Komposisi Vegetasi Sekitar Sarang Penyu Hijau (Chelonia Mydas Linnaeus) Pantai Pangumbahan, Sukabumi Selatan, Jawa Barat [Vegetation Structure and Composition of Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas Linnaeus) Nests in Pangumbahan Coastal Area, Southern Sukabumi, West Java]

Pangumbahan coastal area is one of many important nesting sites of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus) in Indonesia. This area is mainly comprises of disturb coastal old secondary forest. Some sites along the seashore were converted into fishpond, dry land agricultural and other was destroyed for other uses or as an open unproductive areas. However this area has a still plays an important role especially for the conservation of green turtle habitat and also for the ecosystem stabilization of the coastal area in general. Floristic research was conducted on September 2009 to investigate the existing vegetation structure and composition along the seashore using transects method.The “point center quarters method†was used to calculate the importance value of the vegetation on every turtle nesting sites. The important natural species vegetation communities in the area were comprises of herbs, shrubs and trees species. Ipoemoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br and Spinifex littoreus (N. L. Burman) Merrill as a first layer coastal line plant community that play as an important herbs species which creeping grown on the white sands coastal surface. The second layer comprises herbs, small trees and shrubs such as Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Zucc, Crinum asiaticum L. and Callotropis gigantea R.Br. The second layer species plays as a vegetation community which covering and protecting the green turtle nest site from the direct sunshine, running of big wave and heavy rain water. Terminalia catappa L., Calophyllum inophyllum L., Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz. and Hibiscus tiliaceus L. as a big crown tree community grown covering on the most behind as a back layer of coastal line which play as shading trees of the second layer species community, especially to stabilized humidity and temperature of the sand and the environment. The vegetation structure and composition of the old secondary coastal forest of Pangumbahan was described to understand the detail role and function of the vegetation species in this area

DEEP SEA FISH RESOURCES DIVERSITY AND POTENTIAL IN THE WATERS OF WESTERN SUMATERA OF THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN

The availability of data and information on the diversity and potential of fish resources provide important aspects for exploitation and management

BIODIVERSITAS IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN LOMBOK.SUMBAWA, NUSA TENGGARA AARAT

Penelitian ikan karang dilakukan pada bulan l\4aret 2005 di Perairan Lombok-Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan menggunakan metode sensus visual yang mengikuti transek garis. Hasil identilikasi mencatat sekitar 207 spesies ikan karang yang berasal dari 14 famili darijenas ikan target, 15 famili dari jenis ikan mayor dan 1 famili dari jenis ikan indikator. Komposisi ikan karang yang dilemukan 50,60/0 ikan mayor, 34,506 ikan target, dan '13% ikan indikator' Sebaran populasi ikan tampak merata di seluruh lokasi dan tidak ada spesies ikan yang dominan sesuai dengan lndeks Keanekaragaman Shannon (H') dan Indeks Keseimbangan (E) yang berada pada kisaran tinggi, dan Indeks Dominasi Simson (2.) yang rendah. Indeks Hill's (Nl) untuk populasi ikan yang melimpah adalah 36 spesies dan.lumlah populasi ikan yang paling melimpah 20 spesies (N2)

DUGAAN BANYAKNYA PENYU LAUT TERTANGKAP SECARA TIDAK SENGAJA OLEH PERIKANAN TUNA LONGLINE DI SAMUDERA HINDIA

Perhatian masyarakat dunia semakin meningkat terhadap kelestarian penyu laut yang semakin menurun populasinya. Terjadinya penurunan populasi penyu laut dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Salah satu diantaranya adalah kegiatan perikanan. Berdasarkan kondisi ini, dilakukan sebuah kajian dengan tujuan untuk menduga jumlah penyu laut yang tertangkap secara tidak sengaja pada perikanan tuna longline. Data dan informasi diperoleh melalui metode kuesioner dengan sasaran para awak kapal tuna longline di pangkalan utama armada perikanan tuna longline yang beroperasi di Samudera Hindia, yaitu: Pelabuhanratu (Jawa Barat), Muara Baru (Jakarta), Cilacap (Jawa Tengah), dan Benoa (Bali). Hasil pengolahan data dan informasi mengemukakan tiga hal utama: (i) dugaan jumlah penyu yang tertangkap dengan tidak sengaja berkisar 843 - 853 ekor per trip untuk 1000 armada tuna longline; (ii) para nelayan tuna longline umumnya segera melepaskan kembali penyu-penyu yang tertangkap ke laut; dan (iii) sebagian besar nelayan tuna longline menggunakan jenis pancing berbentuk “J” dan melakukan penangkapan ikan pada lapisan permukaan (< 100 m). Penyu laut pada umumnya juga berada pada lapisan kedalaman ini, yang berpeluang besar memakan umpan dan tertangkap secara tidak sengaja oleh armada perikanan tuna longline. Dari kajian ini disarankan perlunya dilakukan riset yang lebih komperehensif tentang interaksi antara penyu laut dan perikanan, dan mitigasi penyu laut di perairan Indonesia.Kata Kunci: penyu laut, perikanan tuna, penangkapan tidak sengaja, Samudera Hindia. The awareness of the people in the world increases toward the conservation of sea turtles of which the population has depleted. The decrease of sea turtles populations may be due to many factors. One of the factors is affected by fisheries activity. Based on this condition, the current investigation was conducted in objective to estimate the number of sea turtles caught incidentally by tuna longline fisheries. Data and information were gathered by using questioner method with the target of tuna longline crews at principal landing bases of tuna longline fleet operated in Indian Ocean, such as: Pelabuhanratu (West Java), Muara Baru (Jakarta), Cilacap (Central Java), and Benoa (Bali). The result pointed out three principal matters: (i) the estimation of incidental caught sea turtles number varied from 843 - 853 individuals per trip for 1000 tuna longline fleet;(ii) in general tuna longline fishermen released immediately sea turtles to the sea; and (iii) almost tuna longliners use “J” hook for their longline and operate their fishing gears in the surface depth (< 100 m). Sea turtles in general inhabit in this water depth, which have high probability to eat baits and be caught by tuna longline fisheries fleets. This study might suggest to development more comprehensive research on the interaction between sea turtles and fisheries, and sea turtle mitigation in Indonesian waters Key Words: sea turtles, tuna longline fisheries, incidental catch, Indian Ocean

ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN MUSIM PENANGKAPAN LOBSTER (Panulirus spp) DI PERAIRAN KUPANG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Lobster merupakan komoditas perikanan andalan yang banyak dieksploitasi di perairan Kupang untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar dalam dan luar negeri. Hal ini menyebabkan kegiatan penangkapan lobster berlangsung sangat intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek biologi dan musim penangkapan lobster. Data dan informasi yang dikumpulkan meliputi ukuran panjang karapas dan berat serta jenis kelamin tiap-tiap jenis lobster yang tertangkap serta hasil tangkapan dan upaya yang dilakukan secara bulanan. Data tangkapan lobster yang dianalisis dicatat selama periode Oktober 2015 - Desember 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  terdapat empat jenis lobster dari kelompok Palinuridae, yaitu lobster bambu (P. versicolor), lobster batu (P. penicillatus), lobster pasir (P. homarus) dan lobster mutiara (Panulirus ornatus). Berdasarkan jumlah individu, tangkapan lobster bambu mendominasi yaitu sekitar 60 % dari tangkapan total. Secara umum ukuran dari semua jenis lobster sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang undangan. Nisbah kelamin yang seimbang dan ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap lebih besar dari setengah panjang infinitif dan panjang pertama matang gonad menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya lobster masih layak untuk dieksploitasi. Musim penangkapan losbter di wilayah Kupang ini secara umum terjadi pada periode musim penghujan yang mulai dari September sampai Februari. Pembinaan kepada nelayan perlu ditingkatkan agar nelayan tetap patuh pada peraturan perundangan yang berlaku, bahkan dapat diikuti dengan nelayan di wilayah lainnya. Lobster fishery commodity in Kupang. Many lobsters are exploited in these waters to meet domestic and foreign market demand. This led to lobster fishing activities very intensive. The research on lobster resources was conducted to analyze the biology aspect and lobster fishing season. Data included, length of the carapace, individual weight, sex of lobsters and the monthly catches and efforts. The lobster catch data analyzed were recorded during the period of October 2015 - December 2016. The results show that there were four species of lobster from the Palinuridae group,i.e:the ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus), pronghorn spiny lobster (P. penicillatus), scalloped spiny lobster (P. homarus) and painted spiny lobster (P. versicolor). The catch was dominated by P. versicolor with 60% of the total catch. Generally the size of all lobster species with the regulation concerning the lobster fishing. The balance of sex ratio and the size of Lc of more than 0,5 of Land more than length at first maturity indicates that the lobster resource in Kupang and surrounding waters  is still exploited. The losbter fishing season is generally in the rainy season period from September to february. The increase of guidance to fishermen is needed to keep the fishermen the law and regulations, even can be followed by fishermen in other areas