Munc13-1 is a Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent vesicle priming hub that shapes synaptic short-term plasticity and enables sustained neurotransmission

During ongoing presynaptic action potential (AP) firing, transmitter release is limited by the availability of release-ready synaptic vesicles (SVs). The rate of SV recruitment (SVR) to release sites is strongly upregu- lated at high AP frequencies to balance SV consumption. We show that Munc13-1—an essential SV priming protein—regulates SVR via a Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent mechanism. Using knockin mouse lines with point mutations in the Ca2+-phospholipid-binding C2B domain of Munc13-1, we demonstrate that abolishing Ca2+-phospholipid binding increases synaptic depression, slows recovery of synaptic strength after SV pool depletion, and reduces temporal fidelity of synaptic transmission, while increased Ca2+-phospholipid binding has the opposite effects. Thus, Ca2+-phospholipid binding to the Munc13-1-C2B domain accelerates SVR, reduces short-term synaptic depression, and increases the endurance and temporal fidelity of neurotrans- mission, demonstrating that Munc13-1 is a core vesicle priming hub that adjusts SV re-supply to demand

Desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento creativo mediante un objeto de aprendizaje basado en la construcci?n de algoritmos para la soluci?n de retos en los estudiantes del grado d?cimo de la Instituci?n Educativa La Reforma (Rovira, Tolima)

234 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLas tendencias educativas actuales generadas a partir de las necesidades de la sociedad contempor?nea de las cuales hace parte la sociedad colombiana, son el marco para el desarrollo de un nuevo paradigma educativo que pretenda desarrollar las denominadas habilidades del Siglo XXI, dentro de las cuales se encuentran el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo aplicado a la soluci?n de problemas, el cual es uno de los mayores promotores de cambio social. La investigaci?n educativa sobre el proceso creativo cobra una importancia relevante ya que es un proceso complejo y aunque ha sido ampliamente investigado desde el punto de vista sicol?gico se puede decir que desde la praxis educativa es un tema relativamente nuevo, desde el cual se pueden analizar diversas problem?ticas que son competencia directa de la educaci?n como el inter?s por la educaci?n y la formaci?n para la vida, la deserci?n escolar entre otras. Los j?venes del ?rea rural de la instituci?n educativa donde se pretende originar esta estrategia tienen dificultades en el aprendizaje y en el desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento creativo. Como parte de la praxis propia del docente investigador y de las necesidades observadas surge esta investigaci?n educativa para brindar opciones de soluci?n. En este contexto entran en juego nuevas estrategias pedag?gicas como la programaci?n escolar de computadores en ambientes como Scratch, (Resnick et al., 2009).el cual fue dise?ado como medio para ense?ar de forma sencilla la programaci?n a j?venes a trav?s de algoritmos gr?ficos mediante bloques, con los cuales se construyen conocimientos, se fomenta la colaboraci?n, el pensamiento computacional, creativo, la soluci?n de problemas y otras habilidades denominadas del siglo XXI por parte de los estudiantes. El investigar este tipo de contextos y estrategias brinda al docente la oportunidad de afianzar sus conocimientos, competencias y habilidades al proponer proyectos para la implementaci?n de las TIC en la educaci?n aline?ndose as? con propuestas como ETICA del Ministerio de Educaci?n Nacional. (Estrategia de Innovaci?n Educativa y Uso de las TIC para el Aprendizaje) la cual promueve el uso pedag?gico de las tecnolog?a de la informaci?n y la comunicaci?n en la educaci?n para la transformaci?n y reflexi?n del quehacer educativo. El docente al usar metodolog?as cient?ficas de an?lisis a comunicaciones y documentos, puede inferir conclusiones a cerca de necesidades explicitas o impl?citas en el contexto educativo. Del mismo si usa metodolog?as para dise?ar instrumentos y estrategias que innoven o resuelvan problem?ticas educativas el docente investigador tiende a profesionalizar su labor y convertirse en un agente activo para cambio social. Palabras Claves: Pensamiento creativo, estrategia pedag?gica, Scratch, Objeto de aprendizaje, aprendizaje asistido por computador.Current educational trends, taken from the needs of contemporary society from which Colombian society is part of, are the framework for the development of a new educational paradigm that pretends to develop those so called ?abilities? from the 21st century, within these, we find the development of creative thinking applied to problem solving, which is one of the main promoters of social change. Educational research about the creative process takes a remarkable importance, since this is a complex process and although it has been widely researched from the psychological point of view, it can be said that from the point of educational praxis, this is a relatively new topic. From where many problematics that are directly related to education can be analyzed; for instance, students interest towards education and learning for life and school dropout among others. Countryside students at the school where this is strategy is to be implemented, have difficulties in learning and in the development of creative thinking abilities. As a part of the teacher researcher?s own praxis and from the observed needs, this educational research comes along to provide solution options. In this context, new pedagogical strategies come to hand, such as the school computer programming in environments such as Scratch, which was designed as a means of teaching in a simple way, programming to young learners through graphic algorithms by the use of blocks, which build knowledge and foster collaboration, computational thinking, creative thinking, problem solving and other skills designated ?from the 21st century? in students (Resnick et al., 2009) Researching this type of contexts and strategies gives the teacher the opportunity to ground his knowledge, competences and abilities, by proposing projects for the implementation of ICT?s in education, and aligning in the process with governmental proposals such as ETICA, from the Ministry of National Education (Strategy of Educational Innovation and the Use of ICT?s for learning) which promotes the pedagogical use of information and education technology in education for the transformation and reflection of educational duty. The teacher, using scientific methodologies of analysis of communications and documents, can infer conclusions about explicit or implicit needs in the educational context. The same if you use methodologies to design instruments and strategies that innovate or solve educational problems the research teacher tends to professionalize Their work and become an active agent for social change. Keywords: Creative thinking, pedagogical strategy, Scratch, learning object, computer assisted learning

Substratum selection in coral reef sponges and their interactions with other benthic organisms

Substratum preferences and contact interactions among sessile organisms can be a major determinant of biotic gradients in the structure of benthic communities on coral reefs. Sponges are a substantial component of these communities, but their substratum requirements and interactions with other benthic taxa are poorly understood. Here, we quantified sponge substratum preferences and interactions from 838 randomly selected photo-quadrats across different depths (5, 10 and 15 m), exposure (sheltered and exposed), and substratum topography (horizontal, inclined and vertical surfaces) on coastal coral reefs in Kimbe Bay. A high proportion (55%) of sponge colonies were associated with dead coral, unconsolidated coral rubble (7%) and calcium carbonate rock (CaCO3 rock) (7%), even though they represented only 10%, 4% and 1% of the available substratum, respectively. Sponges interacted most frequently with algae (~ 34%), corals (~ 30%) and crustose coralline algae (CCA ~ 19%) that represented ~ 46%, ~ 18% and ~ 14% of the substratum cover, respectively. The microhabitat preferences of sponges and frequency of interactions with other taxa were mostly consistent across various exposure, depth and substratum topography conditions. Most interactions appeared to be “stand-offs” (71%) which are interactions with no clear winner or loser. However, when overgrowth occurred, sponges were usually winners, overgrowing corals (92%), CCA (81%) and macroalgae (65%). Three sponge species Dysidea sp1, Lamellodysidea cf. chlorea and Lamellodysidea chlorea accounted for 51% to 96% of the overgrowth of sponges over algae, corals and CCA, but there was no one species found to always win or lose. Our results suggest that sponges avoid other biological substrata by preferentially settling on dead coral, coral rubble and CaCO3 rock, but when they do come into contact with algae and corals, they frequently overgrow their spacial competitors

Magmatic evolution of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Central Cordillera, Colombia : mineral chemistry and geochemistry

A partir de nouvelles données pétrographiques, minéralogiques et géochimiques, les auteurs réalisent une caractérisation géochimique des laves du Nevado del Ruiz (éruptions quaternaires, historiques et récentes) et des formations volcaniques du Pliocène des pentes de la Cordillère central

Epidemiology of seasonal coronaviruses: establishing the context for the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019

Public health preparedness for coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging in the absence of setting-specific epidemiological data. Here we describe the epidemiology of seasonal CoVs (sCoVs) and other cocirculating viruses in the West of Scotland, United Kingdom. We analyzed routine diagnostic data for >70 000 episodes of respiratory illness tested molecularly for multiple respiratory viruses between 2005 and 2017. Statistical associations with patient age and sex differed between CoV-229E, CoV-OC43, and CoV-NL63. Furthermore, the timing and magnitude of sCoV outbreaks did not occur concurrently, and coinfections were not reported. With respect to other cocirculating respiratory viruses, we found evidence of positive, rather than negative, interactions with sCoVs. These findings highlight the importance of considering cocirculating viruses in the differential diagnosis of COVID-19. Further work is needed to establish the occurrence/degree of cross-protective immunity conferred across sCoVs and with COVID-19, as well as the role of viral coinfection in COVID-19 disease severity

Llave maestra y escudo de la verdad : explicacion de las Bulas de... Inocencio Dezimo y de la Santa Cruzada...

"Escudo de la verdad y defensa general de la religion de los frayles menores Capuchinos..., constituciones..." corresponde a las últimas 107 p.Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2008Sign. : [calderón-3 calderones]\p4\s, [3 calderones]\p4\s, [4 calderones]\p2\s, A\p8\s, B-M\p4\s, N\p2\s, A-N\p4\s, O\p2\s.Error en paginación: se repiten las p. 73 y 74.Texto a dos col

Social, clinical, and policy implications of ultra-processed food addiction

Key messages Ultra-processed foods high in refined carbohydrates and added fats are highly rewarding, appealing, and consumed compulsively and may be addictive Behaviours around ultra-processed food may meet the criteria for diagnosis of substance use disorder in some people •   Ultra-processed food addiction is estimated to occur in 14% of adults and 12% of children and is associated with biopsychological mechanisms of addiction and clinically significant problems Understanding of these foods as addictive could lead to novel approaches in the realm of social justice, clinical care, and policy approache

Estimation of temporal covariances in pathogen dynamics using Bayesian multivariate autoregressive models

It is well recognised that animal and plant pathogens form complex ecological communities of interacting organisms within their hosts, and there is growing interest in the health implications of such pathogen interactions. Although community ecology approaches have been used to identify pathogen interactions at the within-host scale, methodologies enabling robust identification of interactions from population-scale data such as that available from health authorities are lacking. To address this gap, we developed a statistical framework that jointly identifies interactions between multiple viruses from contemporaneous non-stationary infection time series. Our conceptual approach is derived from a Bayesian multivariate disease mapping framework. Importantly, our approach captures within- and between-year dependencies in infection risk while controlling for confounding factors such as seasonality, demographics and infection frequencies, allowing genuine pathogen interactions to be distinguished from simple correlations. We validated our framework using a broad range of synthetic data. We then applied it to diagnostic data available for five respiratory viruses co-circulating in a major urban population between 2005 and 2013: adenovirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus. We found positive and negative covariances indicative of epidemiological interactions among specific virus pairs. This statistical framework enables a community ecology perspective to be applied to infectious disease epidemiology with important utility for public health planning and preparedness

Estimation of temporal covariances in pathogen dynamics using Bayesian multivariate autoregressive models

It is well recognised that animal and plant pathogens form complex ecological communities of interacting organisms within their hosts, and there is growing interest in the health implications of such pathogen interactions. Although community ecology approaches have been used to identify pathogen interactions at the within-host scale, methodologies enabling robust identification of interactions from population-scale data such as that available from health authorities are lacking. To address this gap, we developed a statistical framework that jointly identifies interactions between multiple viruses from contemporaneous non-stationary infection time series. Our conceptual approach is derived from a Bayesian multivariate disease mapping framework. Importantly, our approach captures within- and between-year dependencies in infection risk while controlling for confounding factors such as seasonality, demographics and infection frequencies, allowing genuine pathogen interactions to be distinguished from simple correlations. We validated our framework using a broad range of synthetic data. We then applied it to diagnostic data available for five respiratory viruses co-circulating in a major urban population between 2005 and 2013: adenovirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza B virus and respiratory syncytial virus. We found positive and negative covariances indicative of epidemiological interactions among specific virus pairs. This statistical framework enables a community ecology perspective to be applied to infectious disease epidemiology with important utility for public health planning and preparedness

Are Neurotrophin Genes Involved in the Pathophysiology of Gambling Disorder?

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