115 research outputs found
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ERANTHEMUM CAPENSE
Objective: The present study was aimed to rationalize the scientific basis in traditional use of Eranthemum capense as an antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Methods: Agar well diffusion method is widely used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the E. capense aerial part of methanolic and ethyl acetate plant extracts. The same amount (15тАУ20 mL) of Mueller-Hinton agar was poured on glass Petri plates of same size and allowed to solidify. E. capense aerial part of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts was evaluated in vitro for their anti-inflammatory activities using the bovine serum albumin protein denaturation assay.
Results: The result of the study shows that methanolic exract (T3) of the plant, E. capense shows 16 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas fluorescens, while the ethyl acetate extract of the same plant shows 14 mm zone of inhibition against P. fluorescens and E. coli. Hence the methanolic extract of T3 sample shows the antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria, where as the ethyl acetate extract of T3 shows antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The experimental report revealed that, the methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of the same plant produces zero percentage zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Mucor, hence it does not show any antifungal activity.
Conclusion: It is observed that the EA and methanolic extract of E. capense can be used in the treatment of inflammation due to the significant percentage of inhibition of protein denaturation as well as its prove the good antimicrobial agent
Rare occurrence of Japanese bigeye Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier 1829), off Malabar Coast
The family Priacanthidae commonly inhabit rocky
areas and reefs, although a few are known to inhabit
open waters. Priacanthas are typically colored bright
red, but some have patterns in silver, dusky brown,
or black. They have unusually large eyes, suited to
their habitat in deeper waters. Pristigenys is one
of the genera of Priacanthidae and comprises of 3
species
Design and Fabrication of Self-Charging Bi-Cycle with Power Saving Application using Solar Panel
With the increase in fuel prices, pollution content in atmosphere and due to gradual end of the nonrenewable sources of energy we have to alter the source of our energy in our vehicles. Now a dayтАЩs Bicycles are more commonly used by the youngsters and school students.┬а At the same time demand of electricity is vital problem in these days and that of the humans becoming tired when pedalling the bicycles to reduce all these problems. We are implementing a self-charging bicycle. The model converts mechanical energy into electrical energy without pollution.
Food and feeding habits of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch) from Malabar coast, Kerala
Food and feeding habits of Nemipterus japonicus from the Malabar region was studied by analysing 12164 specimens.
The study showed that it is a demersal carnivore and the diet consisted of fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes and
miscellaneous food items. The trophic spectrum of N. japonicus is composed of 34 food items. All size groups preferred
crustaceans. Penaeid shrimps, Acetes spp. and deep sea shrimps were the dominant crustacean components observed
in the diet. Anchovies, scads, lizard fishes and Lactarius lactarius were the major teleost fishes that formed the diet of
N. japonicus. The species showed preference for teleost fishes as they grew. The species initially feeds on a great variety
of organisms, but as it grows slowly becomes more active predator, feeding mainly on large crustaceans and fishes. Crabs
and squilla were seen mostly in juveniles and pre-adult fishes. Fishes dominated the stomach during January-March and
crustaceans during all other months. Feeding intensity was poor during most of the months, variations were however
observed in relation to different stages of maturity
Landing of a sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata (Schnakenbeck, 1931), at Beypore
A single specimen of chimaera belonging to the
genus Neoharriotta was caught by a trawler operating
at a depth of 100 m off Ponnani. The specimen was
landed at Beypore on 26.9.13. The specimen measured
96 cm and weighed 6.5 kg
Stock assessment of seerfishes in the Indian seas
The annual average catch of seerfishes from the Indian seas was 45,0601 during
1995-'99, which constituted 1.8% of the total marine fish catch in India. State-wise
Gujarat (28.5%) was the major producer followed by Tamilnadu (15.8%), Maharashtra
(15.4%), Andhra Pradesh (11.4%) and Kerala (10.5%). Gill net is the dominant
gear in exploiting seerfish followed by trawl, hooks & line, boat seines, shore seines
and purse seines. Among the five species, the kingseer Scomberomorus commerson
(59.0%) and the spotted seer S. guttatus (35.1%) sustained the fishery, while the
streaked seer S.lineolatus and the wahoo Acanthocybium solandri formed only a
negligible portion of the fisher
A Grid-Connected Optimal Hybrid PV-BES System Sizing for Malaysian Commercial Buildings
In this article, the optimal sizing of hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems is evaluated with respect to rooftop space and feed-in tariff rates. The battery scheduling is performed using a proposed rule-based energy management strategy. The rules are formulated based on the demand limit, PV export power limit, and state of charge of the battery. Furthermore, optimization modeling with initial choices of parameters and constraints in terms of solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage capabilities is developed to minimize the total net present
cost. The hourly values of solar irradiance, air temperature, electrical loads, and electricity rates
are considered the inputs of the optimization process. The optimization results are achieved using particle swarm optimization and validated through an uncertainty analysis. It is observed that an optimal photovoltaic and battery energy storage system can reduce the cost of electricity by 12.33%,including the sale of 5944.029 kWh of electricity to the grid. Furthermore, energy consumption, peak demand, and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 13.71%, 5.85%, and 62.59%, respectively. A comprehensive analysis between the variable and fixed data for the load, energy from PV, batteries, and the grid, and costs demonstrates that the optimal sizing of photovoltaic and battery energy
storage systems with the best mix of energy from PV, batteries, and the grid provides the optimal
solution for the proposed configuration
Status of exploitation of seerfishes in the Indian seas
Seerfish production from the Indian seas during the past five decades from 1950s to
1990s, showed an increasing trend. The annual catch increased from 4,505 t in
1953 to 54,8761 in 1998. The average annual catch during the five decadal periods
k-aried from 7,278 t in 1950-'59 to 41,575 t in 1990-'99 contributing 1.5% and
1.75% respectively to the total marine fish catch of India. However, the rate of
increase through the successive decades decreased indicating the attainment of op-
;imum level of production currently. During 1950-'59, the east coast contributed
more (60%) than the west coast (40%), which changed to 36:64 during 1990-'99.
iVmong the maritime states of India, Gujarat (25.88%), Maharashtra (16.09%),
familnadu (13.59%), Kerala (13.07%) and Andhra Pradesh (12.68%) were the prime
seerfish producers during 1990-'99. Gill net (64.8%) was the dominant gear, folowed
by trawl (17.4%) and hooks and line (4%) with an average catch rate of 8.1
<g/unit, 0.24 kg/hr and 3.7 kg/unit respectively during 1995-'99. Among the five
species, the fishery was sustained only by two species viz., the king seer
Scomberomorus commerson and the spotted seer S.guttatus
Minimum Legal Size proposed for commercially exploited marine finfish and shellfish resources of Tamil Nadu
Marine fisheries in Tamil Nadu have undergone
tremendous change in terms of fishing pattern, fishing
method, extension of fishing grounds, composition
of fish catch and consequent increase in the total
fish catch in recent years. The recent demand from
industries involved in fish meal and fish oil encourages
targeted fishing for by-catch resulting in heavy landing
of low value by-catch in certain places along Tamil
Nadu coast. These by-catch are often dominated by
juveniles of many commercially important marine
finfishes and shell fishes. So it warrants some caution
and intervention. One of the methods to discourage
the indiscriminate exploitation of juveniles is to
impose a Minimum Legal Size (MLS) which is the size
at which a particular species can be legally retained
if caught. The advantage of a MLS is that it aids in
the control of two major problems in the fisheries
management, growth overfishing and recruitment
overfishing either by increasing the minimum size of
harvest or by increasing or maintaining the size of
the spawning stock. The most common method of
increasing the reproductive output through the use
of size limits is to set the minimum size at which the
females become sexually mature. As the individuals
of a species do not attain sexual maturity at the same
size, it can be a size at which higher proportions are
mature
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