A Survey on Emulation Testbeds for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

AbstractMobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) can be said as a collection of mobile nodes, which builds a dynamic topology and a A resource constrained network. In this paper, we present a survey of various testbeds for Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Emulator provides environment without modifications to the software and validates software solutions for ad hoc network. A field test will show rather the simulation work is going on right track or not and going from the simulator to the real thing directly to analyze the performance and compare the results of routing protocols and mobility models. Analyzing and choosing an appropriate emulator according to the given environment is a time-consuming process. We contribute a survey of emulation testbeds for the choice of appropriate research tools in the mobile ad hoc networks

Update on Membranoproliferative GN

Membranoproliferative GN represents a pattern of injury seen on light microscopy. Historically, findings on electron microscopy have been used to further subclassify this pathologic entity. Recent advances in understanding of the underlying pathobiology have led to a proposed classification scheme based on immunofluorescence findings. Dysregulation of the complement system has been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of a membranoproliferative GN pattern of injury on kidney biopsy. Evaluation and treatment of this complex disorder rest on defining the underlying mechanisms

The impact of trade liberalisation on wages in the South African manufacturing sector between 2000 and 2007

Includes bibliographical references.This study investigates the impact of trade liberalization on wages in the manufacturing sector in South Africa between 2000 and 2007. The Stolper - Samuelson theorem predicts that trade liberalisation decreases the relative return of workers employed most intensively in the liberalising industries. We estimate the relationship between trade liberalisation and wages using expanded Mincerian wage regressions that contain measures of protection. In addition, we go beyond the Heckscher - Ohlin - Samuelson framework and investigate whether or not the impact of union bargaining power on wages in a given industry is conditional upon the level of protection. The analysis is conducted using LFS household survey data in combination with average industry tariffs and effective rates of protection. Our findings suggest that trade liberalisation has resulted in a decrease in wages. In addition, we find that the impact of trade liberalisation on wages is dependent on the level of education of a worker. Our findings suggest that relatively unskilled individuals have suffered more from trade liberalisation than those who are relatively skilled. Finally, we find that the impact of union bargaining power on wages in a given industry, is dependent upon the level of protection

Prevalence, pattern and perceptions of self-medication in medical students

Background: The use of self-medication is highly prevalent in the community more so amongst the medical students. Self-medication can be defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms.Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence and pattern of use of self-medication among medical students from first year to internship.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among under graduate medical students including interns of Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad during the period of March 2010 to May 2010. Results: Out of 747 students and interns enrolled, 685 responded (91.7%). Out of 685 respondents 564 (82.3%) reported self-medication within one year of recall period. Most common conditions/symptoms for self-medication in students were fever (72.7%), headache (69.1%), upper respiratory tract infections (64.1%) followed by others like body-ache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea etc. Over the counter drugs (84.2%) was the most common category of drugs used by all the students except first year students who used prescription only drugs more frequently (48.5%). Herbal and Ayurvedic drugs were also used as self-medication (17.8%); most frequently by the first year students (22.7%).Conclusion: The pattern of self-medication practice changes with time and advancement of knowledge

Attitude determination of a high altitude balloon system. Part 1: Development of the mathematical model

A mathematical model for predicting the three dimensional motion of the balloon system is developed, which includes the effects of bounce, pendulation and spin of each subsystem. Boundary layer effects are also examined, along with the aerodynamic forces acting on the balloon. Various simplified forms of the system mathematical model were developed, based on an order of magnitude analysis