Underwater Optical Instrumentation

The paper presents a brief review of instrumentation necessary for carrying out in-situ light associated measurements in sea water. Recent developments in this area of instrumentation have been brought out. Practical significance of various parameters measured by these instruments has also been highlighted

Flux jumps, Second Magnetization Peak anomaly and the Peak Effect phenomenon in single crystals of YNi2B2CYNi_2B_2C and LuNi2B2CLuNi_2B_2C

We present magnetization measurements in single crystals of the tetragonal $YNi_2B_2C$ compound, which exhibit the phenomenon of peak effect as well as the second magnetization peak anomaly for H $>$ 0.5T (H $||$ c). At the lower field (50mT $<$ H $<$ 200mT), we have observed the presence of flux jumps, which seem to relate to a structural change in the local symmetry of the flux line lattice (a first order re-orientation transition across a local field in some parts of the sample, in the range of 100mT to 150mT). These flux jumps are also observed in a single crystal of $LuNi_2B_2C$ for H $||$ c in the field region from 2 mT to 25 mT, which are compatible with the occurrence of a re-orientation transition at a lower field in a cleaner crystal of this compound, as compared to those of $YNi_2B_2C$. Vortex phase diagrams drawn for H $||$ c in $LuNi_2B_2C$ and $YNi_2B_2C$ show that the ordered elastic glass phase spans a larger part of (H, T) space in the former as compared to latter, thereby, reaffirming the difference in the relative purity of the two samples.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure

Enhancing women's knowledge and awareness of preconception care: promoting optimal reproductive health outcomes

Background: Preconception care (PCC) is crucial to mother and child health. Many women don't realise how PCC might affect pregnancy and labour. Hence, we aimed to assess women's current knowledge and awareness levels regarding PCC, enhance knowledge, and empower women to prioritize proactive healthcare before conception. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 200 reproductive-age women. Infertility therapy (n=50), poor obstetrics history (n=50), and term delivery (n=100) were the three groups. Family, gynaecological, and demographic data were obtained. Preconception care and medical issues that affect pregnancy outcomes were taught to all study participants to identify risk factors. Results: Most participants were aged between 18 and 25 (48%). Primary infertility was present in 52% of women. The main causes of infertility were pelvic inflammatory disease (40%) and genital tuberculosis (20%), treated with antibiotics and anti-tubercular medicines, respectively. Only 1 woman had both preconception and antenatal checkups, while 30 had neither. Maternal morbidity occurred in 52% of normal deliveries, with anaemia being the most prevalent. Caesarean sections were mostly due to prior 1 lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) (32%). Conception and healthy births were achieved in 10% and 6% of BOH patients and 18% and 10% of infertile patients, respectively. Conclusions: There is a need to provide women with accurate and detailed information on PCC and to establish functional clinics with evidence-based guidelines to enhance uptake and pregnancy outcomes

DAISEE: Dataset for Affective States in E-Learning Environments

Extracting and understanding a ective states of subjects through analysis of face videos is of high consequence to advance the levels of interaction in human-computer interfaces. This paper aims to highlight vision-related tasks focused on understanding \reactions" of subjects to presented content which has not been largely studied by the vision community in comparison to other emotions. To facilitate future study in this eld, we present an e ort in collecting DAiSEE, a free to use large-scale dataset using crowd annotation, that not only simulates a real world setting for e-learning environments, but also captures the interpretability issues of such a ective states by human annotators. In addition to the dataset, we present benchmark results based on stan- dard baseline methods and vote aggregation strategies, thus providing a springboard for further research

Complete Agenesis of the Dorsal Pancreas: Case Report with Imaging Findings and Review of the Literature

No Abstrac

Massive Assymetrical Virginal Breast Hypertrophy: A Case Report

Virginal breast hypertrophy (VHB) is a rare , distinct disorder of unknown etiology with the rapid onset of macromastia at the onset of puberty.We reported a 12 year old, peripubertal girl presented to us with abnormal assymetrical growth of her breasts in 10 months. Due to the enormous breast volume, which caused her physical and psychological problems, she curtailed her social life. On examination, left breast was enlarged more in comparision to right, with associated skin changes. Endocrinological investigations were normal. A bilateral reduction mammaplasty with free nipple graft was performed. Histological analysis of the breast tissue revealed the diagnosis of virginal hypertrophy. During the follow-up period of 13 months, no recurrence was noted and patient is physically and psychologically satisfied

Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy

Introductions: With the advent of newer technology, the era of open surgery for gall bladder diseases has been preferably taken over by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, certain cases still require conversion to open surgery. In this review we aim to analyze the reason for conversion.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Acdemy of Health Sciences, Nepal. All patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from February 2009 to July 2012 were included in the study. File numbers of all the patients were obtained from operation room register. The patient files were analyzed for age, sex, duration of symptoms, liver function tests, ultrasound findings and the description in operation note for reason for conversion.Results: The age ranged from 12 to 81 years with mean age of patients 32.76 years and male to female ratio 1:2.9. The mean operating time was 65 minutes and average post operative hospital stay was 1.61 days. Out of 305 patients, 34 (11.14%) required open conversion. Factors esponsible for open conversion were dense fibrosis at Calots in 11 (3.6%), adhesions due to previous abdominal surgery in 6 (1.9%), uncontrollable bleeding in 5 (1.6%), bile duct injury in 4 (1.3%) cholecystoenteric fistula in 3 (0.9%), Mirizzi’s syndrome 2(0.6%).Conclusions: Adhesions at the calot’s triangle was the common reason for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy.Keywords: adhesions, conversion, gallstone, laparoscopic cholecystectom

Near-infrared Observations of Be/X-ray Binary Pulsar A0535+262

We present results obtained from an extensive near-infrared spectroscopic and photometric observations of the Be/X-ray binary A0535+262/HDE 245770 at different phases of its ~111 day orbital period. This observation campaign is a part of the monitoring programme of selective Be/X-ray binary systems aimed at understanding the X-ray and near-IR properties at different orbital phases, especially during the periastron passage of the neutron star. The near-IR observations were carried out using the 1.2 m telescope at Mt. Abu IR observatory. Though the source was relatively faint for spectroscopic observations with 1.2 m telescope, we monitored the source during the 2011 February--March giant outburst to primarily investigate whether any drastic changes in the near-IR JHK spectra take place at the periastron passage. Changes of such a striking nature were expected to be detectable in our spectra. Photometric observations of the Be star show a gradual and systematic fading in the JHK light curves since the onset of the X-ray outburst that could suggest a mild evacuation/truncation of the circumstellar disc of the Be companion. Near-IR spectroscopy of the object shows that the JHK spectra are dominated by the emission lines of hydrogen Brackett and Paschen series and HeI lines at 1.0830, 1.7002 and 2.0585 micron. The presence of all hydrogen emission lines in the JHK spectra, along with the absence of any significant change in the continuum of the Be companion during X-ray quiescent and X-ray outburst phases suggest that the near-IR line emitting regions of the disc are not significantly affected during the X-ray outburst.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 Figures, Accepted for publication in Res. in Astronomy and Astrophysic