Beneficiation of Fertilizer Minerals - Saladipura - An Experience

India constitutes approximately one sixth of world's population living in 2% earth's land-mass. The need for increased agricultural out-put by ensuring intensive cultivation can hardly be over emphasised. The most important means of achieving the target is to increase the output of fertilizer minerals and hence chemical fertilizer within the country itself which will enable not only to become self sufficient, but also save fore- ign exchange under widely fluctuating price conditions

Neighbor Balanced Block Designs for Two Factors

The concept of Neighbor Balanced Block (NBB) designs is defined for the experimental situation where the treatments are combinations of levels of two factors and only one of the factors exhibits a neighbor effect. Methods of constructing complete NBB designs for two factors in a plot that is strongly neighbor balanced for one factor are obtained. These designs are variance balanced for estimating the direct effects of contrasts pertaining to combinations of levels of both the factors. An incomplete NBB design for two factors is also presented and is found to be partially variance balanced with three associate classes

Multi-resolution processing for fractal analysis of airborne remotely sensed data

Fractal geometry is increasingly becoming a useful tool for modeling natural phenomenon. As an alternative to Euclidean concepts, fractals allow for a more accurate representation of the nature of complexity in natural boundaries and surfaces. Since they are characterized by self-similarity, an ideal fractal surface is scale-independent; i.e. at different scales a fractal surface looks the same. This is not exactly true for natural surfaces. When viewed at different spatial resolutions parts of natural surfaces look alike in a statistical manner and only for a limited range of scales. Images acquired by NASA's Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner are used to compute the fractal dimension as a function of spatial resolution. Three methods are used to determine the fractal dimension - Schelberg's line-divider method, the variogram method, and the triangular prism method. A description of these methods and the results of applying these methods to a remotely-sensed image is also presented. Five flights were flown in succession at altitudes of 2 km (low), 6 km (mid), 12 km (high), and then back again at 6 km and 2 km. The area selected was the Ross Barnett reservoir near Jackson, Mississippi. The mission was flown during the predawn hours of 1 Feb. 1992. Radiosonde data was collected for that duration to profile the characteristics of the atmosphere. This corresponds to 3 different pixel sizes - 5m, 15m, and 30m. After, simulating different spatial sampling intervals within the same image for each of the 3 image sets, the results are cross-correlated to compare the extent of detail and complexity that is obtained when data is taken at lower spatial intervals

Auditor Communication Provisions in Private Loan Agreements:Do They Matter?

We examine auditor communication provisions (ACPs) in private loan agreements, which are private contracting mechanisms between external auditors and audit clients which establish communication between lenders and their borrowers' auditors. We provide evidence that lenders value privately-contracted auditor communication and often specify multiple ACPs that facilitate lender monitoring. In terms of debt contracting outcomes, we find ACPs are associated with a lower ex ante likelihood of loan covenant violation. We also examine audit fee implications for the borrower and find that ACPs are associated with higher audit fees, which is consistent with auditors responding to the litigation risk these provisions impose. We corroborate this by providing evidence that this relationship is concentrated in samples where the risk of third-party litigation is greater. Finally, we find evidence that ACPs lead auditors to become more conservative as their clients exhibit lower signed discretionary accruals when the risk of third-party litigation is greater

General Scheme for Perfect Quantum Network Coding with Free Classical Communication

This paper considers the problem of efficiently transmitting quantum states through a network. It has been known for some time that without additional assumptions it is impossible to achieve this task perfectly in general -- indeed, it is impossible even for the simple butterfly network. As additional resource we allow free classical communication between any pair of network nodes. It is shown that perfect quantum network coding is achievable in this model whenever classical network coding is possible over the same network when replacing all quantum capacities by classical capacities. More precisely, it is proved that perfect quantum network coding using free classical communication is possible over a network with $k$ source-target pairs if there exists a classical linear (or even vector linear) coding scheme over a finite ring. Our proof is constructive in that we give explicit quantum coding operations for each network node. This paper also gives an upper bound on the number of classical communication required in terms of $k$, the maximal fan-in of any network node, and the size of the network.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, generalizes some of the results in arXiv:0902.1299 to the k-pair problem and codes over rings. Appeared in the Proceedings of the 36th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP'09), LNCS 5555, pp. 622-633, 200

Lubrication of porous solids in reference to human joints

A simple mechanical model which has some features in common with load bearing human joints is described. The normal approach of two plane surfaces, one of which is covered with porous material is analysed. The gap between the two surfaces is filled with micropolar fluid to represent a particulate suspension (i.e, synovial fluid) as lubricant. The poresize diameter is so small that only the suspending medium,i.e, the viscous fluid enters into the porous matrix due to the filtration action. The problem has been solved separately in two regions; flow of viscous fluid in the porous matrix and the squeeze film lubrication with micropolar fluid as lubricant in between the two approaching surfaces along with suitable matching conditions at the porous boundary. Several interesting results have been brought out. Agreement with available experimental results and the computational results presented, herein, is quite good

Hall Coefficient of Equilibrium Supercurrents Flowing inside Superconductors

We study augmented quasiclassical equations of superconductivity with the Lorentz force, which is missing from the standard Ginzburg-Landau and Eilenberger equations. It is shown that the magnetic Lorentz force on equilibrium supercurrents induces finite charge distribution and the resulting electric field to balance the Lorentz force. An analytic expression is obtained for the corresponding Hall coefficient of clean type-II superconductors with simultaneously incorporating the Fermi-surface and gap anisotropies. It has the same sign and magnitude at zero temperature as the normal state for an arbitrary pairing, having no temperature dependence specifically for the s-wave pairing. The gap anisotropy may bring a considerable temperature dependence in the Hall coefficient and can lead to its sign change as a function of temperature, as exemplified for a model d-wave pairing with a two-dimensional Fermi surface. The sign change may be observed in some high-$T_{c}$ superconductors.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

The optic nerve: a new window into cerebrospinal fluid composition?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and composition are generally thought to be homogeneous within small limits throughout all CSF compartments. CSF sampled during lumbar puncture therefore should be representative for all CSF compartments. On the basis of clinical findings, histology and biochemical markers, we present for the first time strong evidence that the subarachnoid spaces (SAS) of the optic nerve (ON) can become separated from other CSF compartments in certain ON disorders, thus leading to an ON sheath compartment syndrome. This may result in an abnormal concentration gradient of CSF molecular markers determined in locally sampled CSF compared with CSF taken during lumbar punctur