Rafflesia Patma (Rafflesiaceae): Notes on Its Field Study, Cultivation, Seed Germination and Anatomy

Rafflesia spp. (Rafflesiaceae) have a strategic value from both scientific and conservation viewpoints. To date only very few attempts have succeeded in growing the species ex situ and the main protection measures have been by in situ conservation. More detailed studies are required to understand the relationships between Rafflesia spp. and their host plants in order to improve their management and conservation. Studies on the anatomy, in vitro culture and seed germination in connection with conservation have been conducted in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Effort to transfer Rafflesia patma to an ex situ conservation area has produced some flowers. However, we encountered a bigger challenge to maintain the long term presence of R. patma in ex situ conservation, since a high number of individuals is required to make the viable population

Penerapan Model Pembeajaran CLIS Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VIII7 SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Pre- eksperimental (pra-eksperimen) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar peserta didik dapat mencapai standar ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditetapkan di SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa apabila diterapkan model pembelajaran Children Learning In Science (CLIS) pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 yang terdiri dari 615 orang peserta didik dengan sampel sebanyak 35 peserta didik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan lima kali pertemuan yang terdiri dari empat kali pertemuan di kelas dan satu kali tes. Pengumpulan data hasil belajar diperoleh dengan memberikan tes sebanyak 30 butir soal yang telah di validasi sebelumnya, selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif, inferensial dan analisis taksiran rata-rata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik deskriptif diperoleh skor rata-rata peserta didik sebesar 23,03. Pada analisis inferensial digunakan uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis, diperoleh hasil belajar berasal dari sampel yang berdistribusi normal sedangkan Taksiran rata-rata diperoleh hasil sebesar 22,33 ≤ μ ≤ 23,73, dan berada pada kategori sedang. Adapun hasil dari pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan diterima, sehingga kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VIII7 SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa memenuhi standar KKM setelah diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Children Learning In Science (CLIS). Kata kunci: Hasil belajar, model CLISThis research is an experimental Pre- (pre-experiment), which aims to determine whether the study of students can achieve mastery minimum standard that has been set in the SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga Gowa when applied learning models Children Learning In Science (CLIS) in the second semester 2013/2014 school year consists of 615 people learners with a sample of 35 learners. This study was conducted five meetings consisting of four sessions in the classroom and one test. The data collection study results obtained by giving the test as many as 30 items that have been validated previously, then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, inferential and analysis of the estimated average. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis obtained an average score of 23.03 learners. In the inferential analysis used the normality test and test hypotheses, the result of learning derived from normal distributed samples while Estimated average obtained yield was 22.33 ≤ μ ≤ 23.73, and middle category. The results of hypothesis testing shows that the hypothesis is accepted, so that the conclusions of this research is the study of students grade VIII7 SMP Negeri 1 Pallangga Gowa meet the standards KKM after being taught using learning models Children Learning In Science (CLIS)

Company Performance Predictions By Agency Cost, Earning Management Using the Z-Score (Case Study in Indonesia)

Investors play an important role by spending their money in the capital market. Without investors, the stock market do trade securities trading. In choosing a company, investors will evaluate the best condition of the company. So the aim of this research is to investigate whether the agency cost and earning management will give an impact to financial distress. The research object is the company listed in Indonesian Capital Market from 2012 to 2016. The regression analysis used to test the hypothesis was applied only to the final sample of 22 firms at the end of the sample period from 2012 to 2016. This study used the Modified Jones Model to measure discretionary accruals as earning management. And the dependent variables Z-score served as substitutes for financial distress. The hypothesis was tested using a regression model. The first independent variable operating expense ratio as substitutes the agency cost has a negative significant on financial distress. The smaller amount of agency cost will impact the Z-score to increase. This showed that if the Z-score is higher, it will mean that the company is in the area of no financial distress. Then, the second variable earning management has negative relationship but insignificant on financial distress.     Keywords: agency cost, earning management, financial distres

Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis by Gamma irradiation

The use of Bacillus anthracis as a biological weapon heighlightened awareness of the need for validated methods for the inactivation of B. anthracis spores. Ionizing radiation is capable of causing a variety of chemical changes and biological effects on bacteria which can be due both to direct interactions with critical cell components and to indirect actions on bacteria by molecular entities formed as a result of radiolysis of other molecules in the bacterial cell. This study determined the gamma irradiation dose for inactivating B. anthracis spores and its biological effects on the bacterial characteristics. Gamma irradiation was conducted at the IRKA irradiator at the National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta and cobalt-60 was used as the source of ionizing radiation (capacity of ca. 134,044 Kci). Freeze dried culture of B. anthracis in glass ampoules was irradiated using   variable doses of 30, 20 and 10 KGy. Viability, biochemical and protease enzyme characteristics of B. anthracis were evaluated before and after irradiation.  The ability of B. anthracis to degrade gelatin, haemoglobin and bovine immunoglobulin G was also tested. The results showed that ionizing radiation  was able to inactivate or kill 11,05 x 108 cfu B. anthracis by 95.37%, 99.58% and 99.99 at respective doses of 10, 20 and 30 KGy. Bacterial spores appear to be less susceptible to irradiation than the vegetative cells, because of their specific structure. The survive spores irradiated at 30kGy shows some biochemical characteristic changes. The survivors failed to degrade methyl -D-glucopyranoside and arbutine. The ability of B. anthracis protease to degrade gelatin, haemoglobin and bovine immunoglobulin G was not affected by irradiation. These findings showed that a gamma irradiation at 30 KGy effectively inactivates B. anthracis spores without changing the protease activities. Key words: Gamma Irradiation, B. anthracis Characters, Proteas

Pelabelan Total Titik Ajaib Pada Complete Graph Dengan N Ganjil

Let G be a graph consists of edges and vertex. A vertex-magic total labeling of a graph is a bijection map of union edges and vertex to the integers such that there exists a positive integer satisfying , for every elements of vertex. Then k is called a magic constant and G is called vertex-magic total graph. In this article, we consider a vertex-magic labeling of complete graph for odd with use an algorithm which is composed of a modified construction magic square algorithm

Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Rumput Laut Eucheuma Cottonii Pada Kedalaman Penanaman Yang Berbeda

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii yang tertinggi apabila ditanam pada kedalaman yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan selama kurang lebih 50 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan yang masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Perlakuannya adalah: K1 ( kedalaman 30 cm ), K2 ( Kedalaman 45 cm ), K3 ( Kedalaman 60 cm ). Parameter yang diukur adalah pertumbuhan dan produksi. Metode budidaya yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode long line. Data yang diperoleh selama penelitian dianalisis ragam, apabila hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT. Penanaman rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii pada kedalaman yang berbeda memberikan pengaruhyang sangat nyata secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi. Pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii tertinggi adalah yang ditanam pada kedalaman 30 cm. Kisaran kualitas air yang diperoleh selama penelitian masih layak untuk budidaya rumput laut Eucheuma cottoni

Efektivitas Terapi Musik dalam Menurunkan Ansietas pada Pasien yang Dirawat di Ruang Intensif

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety in patients treated in the intensive care unit. The method used is a literature review design, a scientific article literature review conducted to answer predetermined research questions. A search for articles was carried out in a structured manner in November 2022 through an online database, including using predefined keywords, namely "(intensive care OR critical care) AND (music therapy OR music intervention OR listening music) AND (anxiety)". The databases used are Sciendirect, Proquest, Sagejournal, and Pubmed, using predefined keywords. The results of the study show that music therapy is effective in reducing anxiety in patients who are treated in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Music therapy effectively reduces stress in patients treated in the intensive care unit, which needs to be developed and used as a non-pharmacological intervention in the future to reduce anxiety in patients treated in the intensive care unit.   Keywords: Anxiety, Intensive Room, Critical Care, Music Therap

Kemampuan Kader Posyandu Dalam Melakukan Pengukuran Panjang/tinggi Badan Balita

Riskesdas 2013, provides information stunting in infants of as much as 37,2 percent. Meanwhile, inRISKESDAS 2007, information abaut stunting are 36.8 percent. The highest proportion is importantreason, to monitoring height / weight infants at posyandu. Community fact, show that body length oftoddler in posyandu. Thirty percent of posyandu (integrated service station) activities undertaken correctlyby the kader-posyandu (integrated service station center). Kader-posyandu chosen by people, so that thepublic trus her's. Her's advice and guidance are often followed by community, therefore necessary totraining as a form of education in adults. Assessing the impact of training on changes in measure thelength and height on under five children, before and after training. Descriptive for collect characteristicsdata, of the observations to look at the technique/how to measure before and after training. Nonparametricanalysis with wilcoxcon test and sign, used to see whether there are differences 'delta standardkader'(the difference in the results of the cadre integrated service station and the gold standard ofmeasurement)between before and after training. In general, high school educated kader-posyandu, aged31-40 years. Posyandu time to perform activities ranged from 2 s / d 4 years. As much as 74 percent ofthemhave never received refresher training in the last year period. The results of measurement accordingtothe standard observation phase (right) increased by about 30-40 percent. Anthropometry training resultsshoweddifferences in technique how to measure the infants who fit the measurement requirements. hereweresignificant differences (p = 0.00) results 'delta standard-kader' using three tools are multifunctional,lengboard,microtoise before and .after training. Anthropometry training, has been able to improve kaderposyanduskill in measuring of length and height of under five children