Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Coxsackievirus A6: A Preliminary Report from Istanbul

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Selective Deposition and Alignment of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Assisted by Dielectrophoresis: From Thin Films to Individual Nanotubes

Dielectrophoresis has been used in the controlled deposition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with the focus on the alignment of nanotube thin films and their applications in the last decade. In this paper, we extend the research from the selective deposition of SWNT thin films to the alignment of small nanotube bundles and individual nanotubes. Electrodes with “teeth”-like patterns are fabricated to study the influence of the electrode width on the deposition and alignment of SWNTs. The entire fabrication process is compatible with optical lithography-based techniques. Therefore, the fabrication cost is low, and the resulting devices are inexpensive. A series of SWNT solutions is prepared with concentrations ranging from 0.0125 to 0.2 mg/ml. The alignment of SWNT thin films, small bundles, and individual nanotubes is achieved under the optimized experimental conditions. The electrical properties of these samples are characterized; the linear current–voltage plots prove that the aligned SWNTs are mainly metallic nanotubes. The microscopy inspection of the samples demonstrates that the alignment of small nanotube bundles and individual nanotubes can only be achieved using narrow electrodes and low-concentration solutions. Our investigation shows that it is possible to deposit a controlled amount of SWNTs in desirable locations using dielectrophoresis

Zeolite structures loading with an anticancer compound as drug delivery systems

The authors are thankful to Dr. A. S. Azevedo for collecting the powder diffraction data.Two different structures of zeolites, faujasite (FAU) and Linde type A (LTA), were studied to investigate their suitability for drug delivery systems (DDS). The zeolites in the sodium form (NaY and NaA) were used as hosts for encapsulation of α-cyano-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC). CHC, an experimental anticancer drug, was encapsulated in both zeolites by diffusion in liquid phase. These new drug delivery systems, CHC@zeolite, were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C and 27Al solidstate MAS NMR, and UV−vis), chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the zeolites and CHC@zeolite drug deliveries on HCT-15 human colon carcinoma cell line viability was evaluated. Both zeolites alone revealed no toxicity to HCT-15 cancer cells. Importantly, CHC@zeolite exhibit an inhibition of cell viability up to 585-fold, when compared to the non-encapsulated drug. These results indicate the potential of the zeolites for drug loading and delivery into cancer cells to induce cell deathO.M. and R.A. are recipients of fellowships (SFRH/BD/36463/2007, SFRH/BI/51118/2010) from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal). This work was supported by the FCT projects refs PEst-C/ QUI/UI0686/2011, PEst-C/CTM/LA0011/2011, and PTDC/ SAU-FCF/104347/2008, under the scope of “Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade” (COMPETE) of “Quadro Comunitário de Apoio III” and cofinanced by Fundo Comunitário Europeu FEDER, and the Centre of Chemistry and Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (University of Minho, Portugal)

Mix infections in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbauni): Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum O1

Vibrio anguillarum and Lactococcus garvieae which causes mixed infections were isolated for the first time from rainbow trout farms in the Southwest of Turkey. The outbreak occurred at 15°C water temperature in June 2009. The diseased fish showed erratic swimming, dark discoloration, bilateral exopthalmia, haemorhages on the fins, operculum, the liver, spleen and lower intestines with mortality ranging from 30-50% in the pools. The identities of the isolates were confirmed as V. anguillarum O1 and L. garvieae by biochemical and serological tests using API 20 Strep, API 20 E and API Strept system test strips and also V. anguillarum (ATTC 43305) used as antigens for agglutination. The epizootic disease was effectively controlled by oral administration of enrofloxacin. © Medwell Journals, 2011

Dietary supplementation with Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) from Bio-Mos enhances growth parameters and digestive capacity of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

WOS: 000294566600002Dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) from commercial product, Bio-Mos supplementation, has been examined for its effects on weight gain and feed conversion of domestic mammals and birds, but very few studies have evaluated the responses of aquacultural species to MOS. A feeding and digestibility trial was performed to asses the potential beneficial effect of two levels of Bio-Mos on growth, feed utilization, survival rate and nutrients' digestion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with an initial average weight of 170 g. Bio-Mos was added at 2 or 4 g kg(-1) to a fish meal-based control diet, and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 1-year-old gilthead sea bream. After 12 weeks, there were no differences in survival rate among fish fed experimental diets (P > 0.05). It was observed that a significant improvability existed for both growth and feed utilization in fish fed diets supplemented with Bio-Mos (P 0.05). Apparent digestibility values for protein, carbohydrate and energy were appreciably affected by the inclusion of two different levels of Bio-Mos, only lipid digestibility was the exception. In conclusion, the results of this trial indicate that 2 g kg(-1) dietary supplementation with BIO-MOS seem to be most positive for gilthead sea bream production

Changes in liver and kidney antioxidant enzyme activities in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) exposed cadmium

In vivo effects of cadmium on antioxidant enzymes such as super- oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSR) investigated in liver and kidney tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three test groups of fish were subjected to cadmium in concentrations of 0 (control), 1 and 5 ppm. The duration of exposure was 1,3,5 and 7 d. The antioxidant enzyme activities, measured liver and kidney homogenates, were stimulated by both concentration (1 and 5 ppm) of cadmium chloride. Moreover, the dose-response patterns of the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and kidney tissue were very similar. All antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly stimulated on the first day of experiment (Day 1) in the tissues at the both dose of Cd (p < 0.05) while CAT activity was stimulated after 3 days in the tissues at a dose of 1 ppm Cd (p < 0.05). The stimulation effect of Cd on SOD, GPx and GSR activities in the tissues diminished after 7 d cadmium administration. However, this effect of Cd on CAT activity diminished after 5 d. These findings indicate that the tissue antioxidant enzymes function to protect against cadmium toxicity