Start of SPIDER operation towards ITER neutral beams

Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) Injectors will constitute the main plasma heating and current drive tool both in ITER and JT60-SA, which are the next major experimental steps for demonstrating nuclear fusion as viable energy source. In ITER, in order to achieve the required thermonuclear fusion power gain Q=10 for short pulse operation and Q=5 for long pulse operation (up to 3600s), two HNB injectors will be needed [1], each delivering a total power of about 16.5 MW into the magnetically-confined plasma, by means of neutral hydrogen or deuterium particles having a specific energy of about 1 MeV. Since only negatively charged particles can be efficiently neutralized at such energy, the ITER HNB injectors [2] will be based on negative ions, generated by caesium-catalysed surface conversion of atoms in a radio-frequency driven plasma source. A negative deuterium ion current of more than 40 A will be extracted, accelerated and focused in a multi-aperture, multi-stage electrostatic accelerator, having 1280 apertures (~ 14 mm diam.) and 5 acceleration stages (~200 kV each) [3]. After passing through a narrow gas-cell neutralizer, the residual ions will be deflected and discarded, whereas the neutralized particles will continue their trajectory through a duct into the tokamak vessels to deliver the required heating power to the ITER plasma for a pulse duration of about 3600 s. Although the operating principles and the implementation of the most critical parts of the injector have been tested in different experiments, the ITER NBI requirements have never been simultaneously attained. In order to reduce the risks and to optimize the design and operating procedures of the HNB for ITER, a dedicated Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) [4] has been promoted by the ITER Organization with the contribution of the European Union\u2019s Joint Undertaking for ITER and of the Italian Government, with the participation of the Japanese and Indian Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and of several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache. The NBTF, nicknamed PRIMA, has been set up at Consorzio RFX in Padova, Italy [5]. The planned experiments will verify continuous HNB operation for one hour, under stringent requirements for beam divergence (< 7 mrad) and aiming (within 2 mrad). To study and optimise HNB performances, the NBTF includes two experiments: MITICA, full-scale NBI prototype with 1 MeV particle energy and SPIDER, with 100 keV particle energy and 40 A current, aiming at testing and optimizing the full-scale ion source. SPIDER will focus on source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. In June 2018 the experimental operation of SPIDER has started

EpiSouth: a network for communicable disease control in the Mediterranean region and the Balkans

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DTT - Divertor Tokamak Test facility: A testbed for DEMO

The effective treatment of the heat and power exhaust is a critical issue in the road map to the realization of the fusion energy. In order to provide possible, reliable, well assessed and on-time answers to DEMO, the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) has been conceived and projected to be carried out and operated within the European strategy in fusion technology. This paper, based on the invited plenary talk at the 31st virtual SOFT Conference 2020, provides an overview of the DTT scientific proposal, which is deeply illustrated in the 2019 DTT Interim Design Report

DTT - Divertor Tokamak Test facility - Interim Design Report

The “Divertor Tokamak Test facility, DTT” is a milestone along the international program aimed at demonstrating – in the second half of this century – the feasibility of obtaining to commercial electricity from controlled thermonuclear fusion. DTT is a Tokamak conceived and designed in Italy with a broad international vision. The construction will be carried out in the ENEA Frascati site, mainly supported by national funds, complemented by EUROfusion and European incentive schemes for innovative investments. The project team includes more than 180 high-standard researchers from ENEA, CREATE, CNR, INFN, RFX and various universities. The volume, entitled DTT Interim Design Report (“Green Book” from the colour of the cover), briefly describes the status of the project, the planning of the design future activities and its organizational structure. The publication of the Green Book also provides an occasion for thorough discussions in the fusion community and a broad international collaboration on the DTT challenge

Introduzione degli indicatori di qualit\ue0 AHRQ per la valutazione delle performance dell\u2019 Area Cardiologica di un\u2019ULSS del Veneto: il Progetto Qu.Ar.C. (Qualit\ue0 in Area Cardiologica)

OBIETTIVI: Il progetto Qu.Ar.C. si propone di sperimentare ed affiancare ai tradizionali indicatori di efficienza gestionale, un set di indicatori valutanti l\u2019efficacia delle cure dell\u2019area cardiologica dell\u2019ULSS 21 di Legnago (centro Hub regionale per il trattamento in emergenza dell\u2019infarto miocardico acuto), al fine di supportare, ai vari livelli decisionali, eventuali scelte strategiche ed operative. MATERIALI: Sulla base delle SDO del triennio 2005-2007 dell\u2019AULSS di Legnago \ue8 stato calcolato il rischio aggiustato di morte intraospdaliera per: - infarto miocardio acuto (indicatore A); - scompenso cardiaco congestizio (indicatore B); - intervento di angioplastica coronarica (indicatore C). Gli indicatori sono stati aggiustati per sesso, et\ue0 e APR-DRG usando i modelli AHRQ. Per l\u2019indicatore A e B sono state utilizzate solo le SDO con reparto di dimissione l\u2019UO di Cardiologia o l\u2019UTIC. Tramite l\u2019utilizzo dei funnel plot, \ue8 stato possibile confrontare l\u2019area cardiologica con il benchmarking regionale. Il range di normalit\ue0 per il confronto \ue8 stato considerato pari a 3 deviazioni standard (3DS) dalla media del processo regionale. RIASSUNTO: Negli anni 2005, 2006 e 2007 l\u2019indicatore A per l\u2019area cardiologia di Legnago \ue8 pari rispettivamente a 0,1916 (processo regionale 0,1746; 3DS [0,1073-0,2418]), 0,1846 (processo regionale=0,1812; 3DS [0,1035-0,2588]) e 0,1889 (processo regionale=0,1849; 3DS [0,1038-0,2659]). L\u2019indicatore B risulta uguale a 0,0676 nel 2005 (processo regionale=0,1249; 3DS [0,0915-0,1582]), 0,0473 nel 2006 (processo regionale=0,1391; 3DS [0,1079-0,1703]) e 0,0550 nel 2007 (processo regionale= 0,1404; 3DS [0,1104-0,1703]). L\u2019indicatore C \ue8 0,0337 nel 2005 (processo regionale=0,0329; 3DS [0,0100-0,0557]), 0,0377 nel 2006 (processo regionale= 0,0291; 3DS [0,0036-0,0545]) e 0,0375 nel 2007 (processo regionale= 0,0331; 3DS [0,0087-0,0574]). CONCLUSIONI: Gli indicatori studiati non subiscono particolari variazioni negli anni considerati e si mantengono coerenti con il processo regionale, non evidenziando criticit\ue0. L\u2019indicatore B si posiziona al di sotto del limite inferiore del range di normalit\ue0, in un\u2019area definibile di eccellenza rispetto al processo regionale