Pengaruh sistem ratoon pada berbagai kelerengan terhadap perubahan sifat fisik tanah podsolik soil=The effek of retoon system and slope on some physical properties of podsolik soil

ABSTRAK A field study was carried out at PTP Nusantara XIII sugar cane plantation, Pelaihari, South Kalimantan, to study the influence of ratoon system and slope on some physical properties of Podsolik soil. The study was performed using a factorial completely randomized design, comprising two different factors, i.e. level of ratoon and slope. The former factor consisted of planted cane (PC), ratoon 1 (Rl), ratoon 2 (R2) and ratoon 3 (R3). The slope factor consisted of 0 - 3 % (LI), 3 - 8 % (L2) and 8 -15 % (L3). The result of the investigation showed that ratoon system increase bulk density, porosity of water avalilability, agregate stability, stability qoutient and soil erodibility, but decrease porosity of fast and slow drainage, permeability and dispertion ratio respectively. The slope factor showed no significancy on the soil physical properties. Keywords: ratoon system â slope â physical properties

Implementasi Kebijakan Retribusi Persampahan di Kecamatan Tamalanrea Kota Makassar

: This research aims to get a description of the implementation of local regulation number 14 of 1999 about retribution of waste in the District of Tamalanrea Makassar and the factors which influence the implementation of local regulation number 14 of 1999 about retribution of waste in the district of Tamalanrea Makassar. The type research that is used is descriptive. The study is a form of qualitative research. The data was collected using observation techniques, interviews, library research and documentation. Data were collected from different sources to obtained enough data. The data obtained then analyzed in a qualitative way, according to the number of variables used as indicators in this research. The results of this research indicate that implementation of the waste retribution policy include (a) rate retribution, (b) procedures for collecting, (c) sanctions given and (d) the utilization of retribution in the District of Tamalanrea Makassar is not in accordance with local regulations number 14 of 1999. The factors that influence the implementation of the waste retribution policy as follows: (a) inhibiting factors, which consists of resource factors, and communication factors. (b) supporting factor, consists of disposition factors

Implementasi Program Beras Miskin (Raskin) di Kecamatan Tanete Riattang Barat Kabupaten Bone

: This paper about poverty, Poverty is one of the major unresolved problems in Indonesian. Policy was limited and the government is failing to cope, so that no single point of certainty when it will be receding row of poverty. This study used a qualitative approach. The results showed the general implementation of the program in the district Raskin Tanete Riattang West Regency Bone has been going well, as for the problems that arise in the process of implementing the first. Raskin, appropriate list of the names of RTS-PM is not appropriate; secondly, the lack of coordination between the organizers implementation raskin distribution; third, the lack of government oversight authority over the process and the final distribution of Raskin lack of socialization natural order Raskin distribution program

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berkontribusi Pada Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknologi Informasi (FTI) Dalam Mempelajari Mata Kuliah Programming

— Penelitian ini berawal dari pengamatan bahwa selama ini mahasiswa FTI menunjukkan prestasi belajar yang beragam, dalam arti, sebagian menunjukkan hasil prestasi belajar yang tinggi, sebagian menunjukkan prestasi belajar yang sedang, dan sebagian menunjukkan prestasi belajar yang rendah terhadap mata kuliah programming (komputer) (MKP), yang merupakan “core” basic knowledge. Hal ini tampak dari performansi belajar Programming yang variatif. Dari indeks prestasi belajar mahasiswa diketahui bahwa kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mempelajari Programming berada pada level setara dengan nilai A (IP = 3.5 - 4.0), B (IP = 3.0 – 3.49), C (IP = 2.0 – 2.5), D (IP = 1.5 – 1.99), E (IP = 0). Lebih lanjut, pada penelitian ini dilaporkan bahwa kemampuan belajar MKP berkaitan erat dengan faktor-faktor di dalam dan di luar diri mahasiswa tersebut.Faktor-faktor di dalam diri tersebut, adalah minat, motivasi, bakat, kemampuan intelektual, dan fisik. Dan, faktor-faktor di luar diri adalah: dosen, kurikulum, sarana prasarana, dan lingkungan sosial. Kata Kunci— mata kuliah programming, “core” basic knowledge, faktor dari dalam, faktor dari luar

LiST as a catalyst in program planning: experiences from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Malawi

Background African countries are working to achieve rapid reductions in maternal and child mortality and meet their targets for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Partners in the Catalytic Initiative to Save One Million Lives (CI) are assisting them by providing funding and technical assistance to increase and accelerate coverage for proven interventions. Here we describe how the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) was used as part of an early assessment of the expected impact of CI plans in Malawi, Burkina Faso and Ghana

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>(Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae) originates from Papua Island, Indonesia and grows in tropical areas. The different parts of the fruit of <it>P. macrocarpa </it>were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>fruit were divided into pericarp, mesocarp and seed. All parts of the fruit were reflux extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were characterized in various <it>in vitro </it>model systems such as FTC, TBA, DPPH radical, reducing power and NO radical. Anti-inflammatory assays were done by using NO production by macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ and cytotoxic activities were determined by using several cancer cell lines and one normal cell line</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that different parts (pericarp, mesocarp, and seed) of <it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>fruit contain various amount of total phenolic (59.2 ± 0.04, 60.5 ± 0.17, 47.7 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW) and flavonoid compounds (161.3 ± 1.58, 131.7 ± 1.66, 35.9 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent/g DW). Pericarp and mesocarp showed high antioxidant activities by using DPPH (71.97%, 62.41%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (92.35%, 78.78%) and NO scavenging activity (65.68%, 53.45%). Ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid tests showed appreciable antioxidant activity in the percentage hydroperoxides inhibitory activity from pericarp and mesocarp in the last day of the assay. Similarly, the pericarp and mesocarp inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthesis with values of 63.4 ± 1.4% and 69.5 ± 1.4% in macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ indicating their notable anti-inflammatory potential. Cytotoxic activities against HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa and Chang cell lines were observed in all parts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicated the possible application of <it>P. macrocarpa </it>fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, potent as an antioxidant, anti inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.</p

Expression of carbonic anhydrase 9, a potential intrinsic marker of hypoxia, is associated with poor prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a protein to be upregulated under exposure to hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic conditions are known to be associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and with poor cancer prognosis. We examined CA9 expression in surgical specimens from oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients (n=127) using immunohistochemistry and real-time RT–PCR. We also examined CA9 expression and cell proliferation in ESCC cell lines (TE-2, TE-8 and TE-15) and an immortalised human oesophageal cell line (CHEK-1) using real-time RT–PCR, Western blotting, ELISA and MTT assay. Immunohistochemistry, high expression of CA9 was found in 63 of the 127 primary tumour specimens and was correlated with poor outcome (P=0.0003) and more aggressive/less favourable clinicopathological parameters (tumour size (P=0.0235), tumour depth (P<0.0001), regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.0031), distant lymph node metastasis (P=0.0077), stage (P<0.0001) and blood vessel invasion (P=0.006)). In vitro, CA9 expression in cultured cells and culture medium was also induced by hypoxia (P<0.01). CA9 is correlated with poor prognosis and malignant phenotype in patients with ESCC, and was upregulated by hypoxia. It is suggested that control of CA9 expression might improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in ESCC

Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes cervical cancer metastasis via up-regulation and activation of RhoA/ROCK-2/moesin cascade

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is correlated with clinical cervical cancer metastasis and patient survival, which is interpreted by VEGF-C functions to stimulate angiogenesis and lymphatic genesis. However, the direct impact of VEGF-C on cervical cancer cell motility remains largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, we investigated the effects of VEGF-C on actin cytoskeleton remodeling and on cervical cancer cell migration and invasion and how the actin-regulatory protein, moesin regulated these effects through RhoA/ROCK-2 signaling pathway.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>On cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa cells, exposure of VEGF-C triggered remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of membrane ruffles, which was required for cell movement. VEGF-C significantly enhanced SiHa cells horizontal migration and three-dimensional invasion into matrices. These actions were dependent on increased expression and phosphorylation of the actin-regulatory protein moesin and specific moesin siRNA severely impaired VEGF-C stimulated-cell migration. The extracellular small GTPase RhoA/ROCK-2 cascade mediated the increased moesin expression and phosphorylation, which was discovered by the use of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho kinase and by transfected constitutively active, dominant-negative RhoA as well as ROCK-2 SiRNA. Furthermore, in the surgical cervical specimen from the patients with FIGO stage at cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and I-II cervical squamous cell carcinoma, the expression levels of moesin were found to be significantly correlated with tumor malignancy and metastasis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results implied that VEGF-C promoted cervical cancer metastasis by upregulation and activation of moesin protein through RhoA/ROCK-2 pathway. Our findings offer new insight into the role of VEGF-C on cervical cancer progression and may provide potential targets for cervical cancer therapy.</p