Kajian Kandungan Natrium (Na) Dan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Jaringan Lunak Kerang Darah (Anadara Granosa (L.)) Dari Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang Dan Perairan Wedung Demak

Kerang darah (A. granosa) merupakan komoditas laut yang dihasilkan dari perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang dan Wedung Demak. Melihat dari keadaan fisik kedua lokasi tersebut, diperkirakan perairan Tanjung Emas relatif lebih banyak menerima berbagai cemaran industri maupun limbah kota daripada di perairan Wedung Demak. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini ingin diketahui kandungan natrium (Na) dan logam berat timbal (Pb) jaringan lunak kerang darah dari kedua perairan tersebut ditinjau dari kelayakan baku mutu standar aman konsumsi oleh WHO tahun 2004 dan BPOM No. HK.00.06.1.52.4011 tahun 2009 untuk penetapan batas-maksimal-aman-konsumsi-mingguan kerang A. granosa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2012. Lokasi sampling ditetapkan secara purposive, kandungan natrium dan timbal dianalisis menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry), sedangkan penetapan batas-maksimal-aman-konsumsi-mingguan dihitung menggunakan rumus MTI (Maximum Tolerable Intake). Kandungan natrium pada daging kerang darah dari Tanjung Emas Semarang adalah 36,12-47,32 gr/kg berat basah. Bila kerang dari perairan Wedung Demak adalah berkisar 41,32-43,03 gr/kg berat basah. Kandungan timbal pada daging kerang darah dari Tanjung Emas Semarang adalah 0,268-0,401 gr/kg berat basah. Bila kerang dari perairan Wedung Demak adalah berkisar 0,067-0,183 gr/kg berat basah. Untuk orang dengan rerata berat badan 60 kg, batas aman konsumsi natrium dan timbal dari kerang darah yang dianjurkan bila dari Tanjung Emas Semarang adalah hanya 3,6 gram berat basah/minggu/orang. Namun, bila kerang berasal dari Wedung Demak angka maksimum tersebut dapat sedikit lebih tinggi yaitu 7,2 gram berat basah/minggu/orang

Impact of gastrointestinal differences in veterinary species on the oral drug solubility, in vivo dissolution, and formulation of veterinary therapeutics

Many gaps exist in our understanding of species differences in gastrointestinal (GI) fluid composition and the associated impact of food intake and dietary composition on in vivo drug solubilization. This information gap can lead to uncertainties with regard to how best to formulate pharmaceuticals for veterinary use or the in vitro test conditions that will be most predictive of species-specific in vivo oral product performance. To address these challenges, this overview explores species-specific factors that can influence oral drug solubility and the formulation approaches that can be employed to overcome solubility-associated bioavailability difficulties. These discussions are framed around some of the basic principles associated with drug solubilization, reported species differences in GI fluid composition, types of oral dosage forms typically given for the various animal species, and the effect of prandial state in dogs and cats. This basic information is integrated into a question-and-answer section that addresses some of the formulation issues that can arise in the development of veterinary medicinals

Impact of Designed Teaching Program for Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes on Maternal outcomes

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with an onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Aim of this research: was to examine the impact of designed teaching program for pregnant women with gestational diabetes on maternal outcomes. Subjects & Methods:- Design: quasi experimental pre-post one group design was utilized for the current study. Setting: The study was carried out at Antenatal outpatient clinic at El-Manial Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of 100 gestational diabetic women was recruited for the study. Data collection: different tools were used to collect the data; (1) Structured Interviewing Schedule; (2) Physical assessment sheet; (3) Pretest for assessing knowledge; (4) Follow up tool to asses women's compliance to the given instructions; (5) Post test for assessing knowledge, and Post partum questionnaire. Results: revealed that, the mean post-test knowledge score (18.45) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score, there was weak positive relationship between the mean post-test knowledge score and maternal compliance to the given instructions (r = 0.304), no statistically significant relationship were found in relation to post test knowledge score and blood glucose level in the current pregnancy (P=0.37), Moreover, there was high statistically significant relationship between the mean posttest knowledge score and mode of the current delivery (P =0.016). All over there was high statistically significant relationship between post-test knowledge score and maternal outcomes  (P < 0.001). In conclusion:  participating of designed teaching program for gestational diabetic women lead to increase knowledge score about the disease and increase women's awareness of how to decrease its complications. This research recommended that: Raise pregnant mother's awareness regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, definition, diagnosis, symptoms and signs , frequency of antenatal visits, and ways to adopting healthy life style as follow dietary program and practice exercises. Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Women compliance, , Postpartum questionnair

Peningkatan Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Kemampuan Literasi Dan Numerasi Sejak Dini

This service program focuses on the importance of literacy and numeracy in the industrial era 4.0 and the efforts made in Indonesia to improve these skills. Literacy is considered a basic need in meeting the needs of human life and developed countries have recognized the importance of literacy as a human right. However, in Indonesia, students' literacy and numeracy abilities are still lacking and have even decreased in recent years. Factors such as the lack of strengthening literacy, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and sub-optimal distance learning have led to a decline in students' abilities. Therefore, the Indonesian government has set literacy as a priority program and strengthened the role of LP Maarif in developing literacy and numeracy. LP Maarif is trying to provide library facilities, develop an integrated curriculum, and provide training to teachers to become agents of literacy development. Hopefully, this effort can help elementary school students build their intelligence and improve their critical, strategic and solutive thinking skills in facing future challenges

Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus Erosus) terhadap Karakteristik Cookies yang Dihasilkan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung bengkuang terhadap organoleptik dan karakteristik cookies. Perlakuan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat substitusi tepung bengkuang, yakni tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), penambahan tepung bengkuang 20%, 30% dan 50%. Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap cookies adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar karbohidrat, kadar serat kasar, daya kembang dan uji organoleptik. Substitusi tepung bengkuang memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat dan kadar serat kasar dari cookies yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil uji organoleptik yang dilakukan, substitusi tepung bengkuang yang paling disukai oleh panelis adalah cookies dengan substitusi tepung bengkuang 30% dengan warna 3,92 (agak suka), aroma 3,96 (agak suka), rasa 4,32 (agak suka) dan tekstur 4,40 (agak suka). Cookies dengan penambahan tepung bengkuang sebanyak 30% memiliki kadar air 1,11%, kadar abu 1,86%, kadar protein 8,65%, kadar lemak 24,15%, karbohidrat 64,24%, kadar serat kasar 1,17%, dan daya kembang 51,60%

Damage index in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To investigate the prevalence of cumulative organ damage among Egyptian children with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) and the relationships between the organ damage and the demographic data, clinical variables, and disease activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 148 patients with jSLE have been followed in the pediatric rheumatology clinic and section at Cairo University. These patients were evaluated by retrospective chart review. The organ system damage due to SLE was measured using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Risk factors for damage were also studied including demographic criteria as well as clinical and laboratory manifestations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 43.9% of the patients had damage within a mean of 6.57 ± 3.59 years of disease diagnosis. Neuropsychiatric (NPS-21%) and renal (16.9%) system involvement were observed most frequently, followed by cardiovascular (11.5%), skin (9.5%), pulmonary (6.1%), and ocular (4.8%), with a mean SDI score of 0.93 ± 1.37. In our study, the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations at diagnosis showed the strongest association with the presence of later disease damage.</p> <p>The number of SLE diagnostic criteria at presentation was strongly associated with the total SDI score, and the renal damage was significantly more prevalent in patients with age at disease diagnosis below 10 years of age. A higher mean disease duration was found in patients with musculoskeletal damage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found that cumulative organ damage, as measured by the SDI, was present in 43.9% of Egyptian patients with juvenile-onset SLE. The damage was significantly more likely in patients who had more SLE diagnostic criteria at time of disease presentation and NPS manifestations at the time of diagnosis.</p