Open shells in reduced-density-matrix-functional theory

Reduced-density-matrix-functional theory is applied to open-shell systems. We introduce a spin-restricted formulation by appropriately expressing approximate correlation-energy functionals in terms of spin-dependent occupation numbers and spin-independent natural orbitals. We demonstrate that the additional constraint of total-spin conservation is indispensable for the proper treatment of open-shell systems. The formalism is applied to the first-row open-shell atoms. The obtained ground-state energies are in very good agreement with the exact values as well as other state of the art quantum chemistry calculationsComment: 4 pages, 2 figures, corrected typo

Electromagnetic Vacuum of Complex Media: Dipole Emission vs. Light Propagation, Vacuum Energy, and Local Field Factors

We offer a unified approach to several phenomena related to the electromagnetic vacuum of a complex medium made of point electric dipoles. To this aim, we apply the linear response theory to the computation of the polarization field propagator and study the spectrum of vacuum fluctuations. The physical distinction among the local density of states which enter the spectra of light propagation, total dipole emission, coherent emission, total vacuum energy and Schwinger-bulk energy is made clear. Analytical expressions for the spectrum of dipole emission and for the vacuum energy are derived. Their respective relations with the spectrum of external light and with the Schwinger-bulk energy are found. The light spectrum and the Schwinger-bulk energy are determined by the Dyson propagator. The emission spectrum and the total vacuum energy are determined by the polarization propagator. An exact relationship of proportionality between both propagators is found in terms of local field factors. A study of the nature of stimulated emission from a single dipole is carried out. Regarding coherent emission, it contains two components. A direct one which is transferred radiatively and directly from the emitter into the medium and whose spectrum is that of external light. And an indirect one which is radiated by induced dipoles. The induction is mediated by one (and only one) local field factor. Regarding the vacuum energy, we find that in addition to the Schwinger-bulk energy the vacuum energy of an effective medium contains local field contributions proportional to the resonant frequency and to the spectral line-width.Comment: Typos fixed, journal ref. adde

Parallelization of Markov chain generation and its application to the multicanonical method

We develop a simple algorithm to parallelize generation processes of Markov chains. In this algorithm, multiple Markov chains are generated in parallel and jointed together to make a longer Markov chain. The joints between the constituent Markov chains are processed using the detailed balance. We apply the parallelization algorithm to multicanonical calculations of the two-dimensional Ising model and demonstrate accurate estimation of multicanonical weights.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, uses elsart.cl

Precursor phenomena at the magnetic ordering of the cubic helimagnet FeGe

We report on detailed magnetic measurements on the cubic helimagnet FeGe in external magnetic fields and temperatures near the onset of long-range magnetic order at $T_C= 278.2(3)$ K. Precursor phenomena display a complex succession of temperature-driven crossovers and phase transitions in the vicinity of $T_C$. The A-phase region, present below $T_C$ and fields $H<0.5$ kOe, is split in several pockets. Relying on a modified phenomenological theory for chiral magnets, the main part of the A-phase could indicate the existence of a $+\pi$ Skyrmion lattice, the adjacent A$_2$ pocket, however, appears to be related to helicoids propagating in directions perpendicular to the applied field.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

A stochastic model of cascades in 2D turbulence

The dual cascade of energy and enstrophy in 2D turbulence cannot easily be understood in terms of an analog to the Richardson-Kolmogorov scenario describing the energy cascade in 3D turbulence. The coherent up- and downscale fluxes points to non-locality of interactions in spectral space, and thus the specific spatial structure of the flow could be important. Shell models, which lack spacial structure and have only local interactions in spectral space, indeed fail in reproducing the correct scaling for the inverse cascade of energy. In order to exclude the possibility that non-locality of interactions in spectral space is crucial for the dual cascade, we introduce a stochastic spectral model of the cascades which is local in spectral space and which shows the correct scaling for both the direct enstrophy - and the inverse energy cascade.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Anger mood detection based on face recognition and heartbeat

Anger is one of the feeling that showing strong resentment that can be found in facial expressions, body language, physiological responses and at times in public acts of aggression. So, this project has designed to examine the existence of the individual nature of anger using facial expression and heartbeat. The objective of this project is to warn and help people to control their temper. This can prevent the bad effect towards heart rate, blood pressure, levels of adrenaline and noradrenalin and other physical effects. Matlab-Image-processing is used to analyze facial expressions while heartbeat is measured using a heartbeat detector circuit. The Graphic User Interface (GUI) indicates the angry face result while the Liquid Crystal Display states the faster heartbeat when a person is angry

Intermittency in the large N-limit of a spherical shell model for turbulence

A spherical shell model for turbulence, obtained by coupling $N$ replicas of the Gledzer, Okhitani and Yamada shell model, is considered. Conservation of energy and of an helicity-like invariant is imposed in the inviscid limit. In the $N \to \infty$ limit this model is analytically soluble and is remarkably similar to the random coupling model version of shell dynamics. We have studied numerically the convergence of the scaling exponents toward the value predicted by Kolmogorov theory (K41). We have found that the rate of convergence to the K41 solution is linear in 1/N. The restoring of Kolmogorov law has been related to the behaviour of the probability distribution functions of the instantaneous scaling exponent.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 3 Postscript figures, to be published on Europhys. Let

Hubungan Gejala Blotching, Defisiensi Zn Dan Fe Dengan Hasil Deteksi Penyakit CVPD Jeruk Dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction

. Field identification of citrus greening or CVPD is often questionable, because it is very similar to nutrient deficiency especially Zn and Fe. The aim of this observation was to determine result of CVPD detection by polymerase chain reaction analysis on citrus leaves with blotching symptoms, Zn and Fe deficiency symptoms. The samples were collected from Siompu (Kendari), Bali, Punten (Batu), South of Kalimantan, and Madura that those indicated CVPD contamination. Poly- merase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting Liberobacte asiaticum, with 16 Sr DNA amplification on 1160 bp. The result of detection showed that blotching or mottle characteristic symptom samples (yellow of the vein and adjecent tissues with irregular design) produced a thin band on electrophoresis gel, it means this samples contained L. asiaticum. Samples of Zn and Fe deficiency symptoms did not exhibit similar band, it means these symptoms were not caused by L. asiaticum