14 research outputs found
Soliton Interactions in Perturbed Nonlinear Schroedinger Equations
We use multiscale perturbation theory in conjunction with the inverse
scattering transform to study the interaction of a number of solitons of the
cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation under the influence of a small correction
to the nonlinear potential. We assume that the solitons are all moving with the
same velocity at the initial instant; this maximizes the effect each soliton
has on the others as a consequence of the perturbation. Over the long time
scales that we consider, the amplitudes of the solitons remain fixed, while
their center of mass coordinates obey Newton's equations with a force law for
which we present an integral formula. For the interaction of two solitons with
a quintic perturbation term we present more details since symmetries -- one
related to the form of the perturbation and one related to the small number of
particles involved -- allow the problem to be reduced to a one-dimensional one
with a single parameter, an effective mass. The main results include
calculations of the binding energy and oscillation frequency of nearby solitons
in the stable case when the perturbation is an attractive correction to the
potential and of the asymptotic "ejection" velocity in the unstable case.
Numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy of the perturbative calculations
and indicate their range of validity.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to Phys Rev E Revised: 21 pages, 6
figures, To appear in Phys Rev E (many displayed equations moved inline to
shorten manuscript
Deteksi Antibodi terhadap Mycoplasma gallisepticum pada Serum Ayam dengan Pengujian Serologi Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA), Kit ELISA Komersil dan inhouseELISA
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) adalah bakteri penyebab penyakit pernapasan kronis pada ayam yang sering disebut sebagai chronic respiratory disease (CRD) dan infectious sinusitis pada kalkun. Kerugian akibat infeksi MG pada industri perunggasan di dunia mencapai lebih dari US $ 780 juta setiap tahun. Deteksi dini dan monitoring secara berkelanjutan sangat dibutuhkan dari hulu yakni hatchery sampai ke hilir di peternakan komersil. Di Indonesia kasus CRD maupun CRD kompleks sampai saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan di peternakan-peternakan ayam. Keberadaan MG dapat dideteksi dengan cara isolasi organisme atau deteksi DNA dari jaringan yang terinfeksi atau sampel swab atau dengan menggunakan pengujian serologi untuk diagnosis penyakit ini. Jenis pengujian serologi yang sudah umum dilakukan adalah dengan Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) dan Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status antibodi ayam dari beragam kondisi di lapangan dengan uji RSA, ELISA komersil dan inhouseELISA (iELISA). Pengujian serologi dengan menggunakan 3 jenis pengujian memberikan hasil yang berbeda dalam mendeteksi antibodi terhadap MG pada sampel serum ayam dengan status yang bervariasi. Kit ELISA komersil lebih sensitif dalam mendeteksi antibodi terhadap MG, sehingga pengujian ini memberikan hasil positif paling banyak
Stability of stationary states in the cubic nonlinear Schroedinger equation: applications to the Bose-Einstein condensate
The stability properties and perturbation-induced dynamics of the full set of
stationary states of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation are investigated
numerically in two physical contexts: periodic solutions on a ring and
confinement by a harmonic potential. Our comprehensive studies emphasize
physical interpretations useful to experimentalists. Perturbation by stochastic
white noise, phase engineering, and higher order nonlinearity are considered.
We treat both attractive and repulsive nonlinearity and illustrate the
soliton-train nature of the stationary states.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
Potential of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection phase-dependent antigens in the diagnosis of TB disease in a high burden setting
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Confirming tuberculosis (TB) disease in suspects in resource limited settings is challenging and calls for the development of more suitable diagnostic tools. Different <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) </it>infection phase-dependent antigens may be differentially recognized in infected and diseased individuals and therefore useful as diagnostic tools for differentiating between <it>M.tb </it>infection states. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic potential of 118 different <it>M.tb </it>infection phase-dependent antigens in TB patients and household contacts (HHCs) in a high-burden setting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Antigens were evaluated using the 7-day whole blood culture technique in 23 pulmonary TB patients and in 19 to 21 HHCs (total n = 101), who were recruited from a high-TB incidence community in Cape Town, South Africa. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eight classical TB vaccine candidate antigens, 51 DosR regulon encoded antigens, 23 TB reactivation antigens, 5 TB resuscitation promoting factors (rpfs), 6 starvation and 24 other stress response-associated TB antigens were evaluated in the study. The most promising antigens for ascertaining active TB were the rpfs (Rv0867c, Rv2389c, Rv2450c, Rv1009 and Rv1884c), with Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) between 0.72 and 0.80. A combination of <it>M.tb </it>specific ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion protein, Rv2624c and Rv0867c accurately predicted 73% of the TB patients and 80% of the non-TB cases after cross validation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>IFN-γ responses to TB rpfs show promise as TB diagnostic candidates and should be evaluated further for discrimination between <it>M.tb </it>infection states.</p
EMA401, an orally administered highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist, as a novel treatment for postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial.
BACKGROUND: Existing treatments for postherpetic neuralgia, and for neuropathic pain in general, are limited by modest efficacy and unfavourable side-effects. The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) is a new target for neuropathic pain. EMA401, a highly selective AT2R antagonist, is under development as a novel neuropathic pain therapeutic agent. We assessed the therapeutic potential of EMA401 in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. METHODS: In this multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, phase 2 clinical trial, we enrolled patients (aged 22-89 years) with postherpetic neuralgia of at least 6 months' duration from 29 centres across six countries. We randomly allocated 183 participants to receive either oral EMA401 (100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 28 days. Randomisation was done according to a centralised randomisation schedule, blocked by study site, which was generated by an independent, unmasked statistician. Patients and staff at each site were masked to treatment assignment. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of EMA401. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in mean pain intensity between baseline and the last week of dosing (days 22-28), measured on an 11-point numerical rating scale. The primary efficacy analysis was intention to treat. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12611000822987. FINDINGS: 92 patients were assigned to EMA401 and 91 were assigned to placebo. The patients given EMA401 reported significantly less pain compared with baseline values in the final week of treatment than did those given placebo (mean reductions in pain scores -2.29 [SD 1.75] vs -1.60 [1.66]; difference of adjusted least square means -0.69 [SE 0.25]; 95% CI -1.19 to -0.20; p=0.0066). No serious adverse events related to EMA401 occurred. Overall, 32 patients reported 56 treatment-emergent adverse events in the EMA401 group compared with 45 such events reported by 29 patients given placebo. INTERPRETATION: EMA401 (100 mg twice daily) provides superior relief of postherpetic neuralgia compared with placebo at the end of 28 days of treatment. EMA401 was well tolerated by patients. FUNDING: Spinifex Pharmaceuticals
EMA401, an orally administered highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist, as a novel treatment for postherpetic neuralgia: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial
Background: Existing treatments for postherpetic neuralgia, and for neuropathic pain in general, are limited by modest efficacy and unfavourable side-effects. The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) is a new target for neuropathic pain. EMA401, a highly selective AT2R antagonist, is under development as a novel neuropathic pain therapeutic agent. We assessed the therapeutic potential of EMA401 in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Methods: In this multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, phase 2 clinical trial, we enrolled patients (aged 22-89 years) with postherpetic neuralgia of at least 6 months' duration from 29 centres across six countries. We randomly allocated 183 participants to receive either oral EMA401 (100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 28 days. Randomisation was done according to a centralised randomisation schedule, blocked by study site, which was generated by an independent, unmasked statistician. Patients and staff at each site were masked to treatment assignment. We assessed the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of EMA401. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in mean pain intensity between baseline and the last week of dosing (days 22-28), measured on an 11-point numerical rating scale. The primary efficacy analysis was intention to treat. This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12611000822987. Findings: 92 patients were assigned to EMA401 and 91 were assigned to placebo. The patients given EMA401 reported significantly less pain compared with baseline values in the final week of treatment than did those given placebo (mean reductions in pain scores -2·29 [SD 1·75] vs -1·60 [1·66]; difference of adjusted least square means -0·69 [SE 0·25]; 95% CI -1·19 to -0·20; p=0·0066). No serious adverse events related to EMA401 occurred. Overall, 32 patients reported 56 treatment-emergent adverse events in the EMA401 group compared with 45 such events reported by 29 patients given placebo. Interpretation: EMA401 (100 mg twice daily) provides superior relief of postherpetic neuralgia compared with placebo at the end of 28 days of treatment. EMA401 was well tolerated by patients
Reductions of peak-to-average power ratio and optical beat interference in cost-effective OFDMA-PONs
Corticosteroids and infliximab impair the performance of interferon-gamma release assays used for tuberculosis screening
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The impact of immunosuppression on interferon-γ release assays and novel cytokine biomarkers of TB infection, mycobacteriaspecific IL-2, IP-10 and TNF-α responses was investigated in an ex vivo model. Cytokine responses in standard QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube (QFT-GIT) assays were compared with duplicate assays containing dexamethasone or infliximab. Dexamethasone converted QFT-GIT results from positive to negative in 30% of participants. Antigen-stimulated interferon-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α responses were markedly reduced, but IP-10 responses were preserved. Infliximab caused QFT-GIT result conversion in up to 30% of participants and substantial reductions in all cytokine responses. Therefore, corticosteroids and anti-TNF-α agents significantly impair interferon-γ release assay performance. IP-10 may be a more robust TB biomarker than interferon-γ in patients receiving corticosteroids