Serum Level of Antioxidant Vitamins (Vitamin A, C and E) in ,i>Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Infected Children in Owerri, Eastern Nigeria

The levels of antioxidant vitamins were estimated in Plasmodium falciparum malaria infected children. Forty-three children with P.falciparum infection were selected based on the clinicalsymptoms. Twenty-two apparently healthy children with no malaria parasitaemia were included as the control subjects. P.falciparum parasitaemia and serum levels of the antioxidant vitamins (vitamin A,C and E) were determined using standard procedures. It was observed that all parameters measured were significantly lower in malaria infected children when compared with the respective control values. The relationship between malaria parasitaemia and serum concentration of vitamin E were positively correlated (r= 0.42), but vitamin A (r= -0.05) and C (-0.06) were negatively correlated. Children within 0-5 years of age had higher malarial parasitaemia (7379.82 ± 918 99/ìL) than thosebetween 6-12 years of age (5026.19 ± 1514.58/ìL), and these children had lower concentrations of vitamin A (21.27 ± 8.68 ìg/dL), C (0.45 ± 0.19 mg/dl) and E (0.69 ± 0.22 mg/dL) when comparedwith children between 6-12 years (vitamin A = 25.19 ± 8.12 ìg/dL, vitamin C = 0.53 ± 0.16 mg/ dL and vitamin E = 0.86 ± 0.41 mg/ dL). Results suggest that in Owerri, Eastern Nigeria, the degree ofmalaria parasitaemia in especially children between 0-5 years could comprise immunity (as judged by the correlation) and reduce serum antioxidant vitamin levels. Health care providers should recognizethese effects in planning malarial treatment and control programs. Changes in serum antioxidant levels during post-treatment periods should be investigated and documented

Systematic Topology Analysis and Generation Using Degree Correlations

We present a new, systematic approach for analyzing network topologies. We first introduce the dK-series of probability distributions specifying all degree correlations within d-sized subgraphs of a given graph G. Increasing values of d capture progressively more properties of G at the cost of more complex representation of the probability distribution. Using this series, we can quantitatively measure the distance between two graphs and construct random graphs that accurately reproduce virtually all metrics proposed in the literature. The nature of the dK-series implies that it will also capture any future metrics that may be proposed. Using our approach, we construct graphs for d=0,1,2,3 and demonstrate that these graphs reproduce, with increasing accuracy, important properties of measured and modeled Internet topologies. We find that the d=2 case is sufficient for most practical purposes, while d=3 essentially reconstructs the Internet AS- and router-level topologies exactly. We hope that a systematic method to analyze and synthesize topologies offers a significant improvement to the set of tools available to network topology and protocol researchers.Comment: Final versio

Pay Gap and Performance in China

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134150/1/abac12082.pd

The Effectiveness of Self-Management of Hypertension in Adults Using Mobile Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Effective treatment of hypertension requires careful self-management. With the ongoing development of mobile technologies and the scarcity of health care resources, mobile health (mHealth)–based self-management has become a useful treatment for hypertension, and its effectiveness has been assessed in many trials. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive summaries of the studies using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Objective: This systematic review aimed to measure the effectiveness of mHealth in improving the self-management of hypertension for adults. The outcome measures were blood pressure (BP), BP control, medication adherence, self-management behavior, and costs. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using 5 electronic databases. The snowballing method was used to scan the reference lists of relevant studies. Only peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2010 and September 2019 were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by 3 researchers independently, adhering to the validation guideline and checklist. Both a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis were carried out. Results: A total of 24 studies with 8933 participants were included. Of these, 23 studies reported the clinical outcome of BP, 12 of these provided systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) data, and 16 articles focused on change in self-management behavior and medication adherence. All 24 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. According to the meta-analysis, a greater reduction in both SBP and DBP was observed in the mHealth intervention groups compared with control groups, −3.78 mm Hg (P<.001; 95% CI −4.67 to −2.89) and −1.57 mm Hg (P<.001; 95% CI −2.28 to −0.86), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed consistent reductions in SBP and DBP across different frequencies of reminders, interactive patterns, intervention functions, and study duration subgroups. A total of 16 studies reported better medication adherence and behavioral change in the intervention groups, while 8 showed no significant change. Six studies included an economic evaluation, which drew inconsistent conclusions. However, potentially long-term financial benefits were mentioned in all economic evaluations. All studies were assessed to be at high risk of bias. Conclusions: This review found that mHealth self-management interventions were effective in BP control. The outcomes of this review showed improvements in self-management behavior and medication adherence. The most successful mHealth intervention combined the feature of tailored messages, interactive communication, and multifaceted functions. Further research with longer duration and cultural adaptation is necessary. With increasing disease burden from hypertension globally, mHealth offers a potentially effective method for self-management and control of BP. mHealth can be easily integrated into existing health care systems. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019152062; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=15206

Aktivitas Anti Rayap Minyak Atsiri Dari Kulit Jeruk Citrus Nobilis Var.microcarpa Terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes Curvignathus Holmgren

Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren is an urban pest which builds carton nests in dark places. This termite is difficult to control due to difficulties of direct spraying to entire colony. The new methods for control subterranean termites such as used the essentials oil is a prospective study. This study aims to determine the bioactivity of essential oil of orange peel Citrus nobilis var .microcarpa and to determine the optimal level of inhibiting termites C. curvignathus. Essential oil made from peel of C. nobilis orange which macerated with methanol for 24 hours. Essential oil obtained was dissolved on filter paper at a dose of 0.1 ml; 0.2 ml; 0.3 ml; and 0.4 ml. Then this filter paper used to biossay to determine the effectiveness of essential oil to inhibited subterranean termites C. curvignathus. This process was conducted in three days. The results showed that the highest activity which caused 100% mortality of termite was obtained at dose 0.4 ml. The greater dose of essential oils of orange peel resulted in the highest mortality of termites and vice versa resulted the lowest percentage of paper weight loss. The optimal dose in the use of essential oils of orange peel of C. nobilis to inhibited the termites C. curvignathus was 0.2 ml. Keyword: Anti-termitic activities, essential oil, Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren Keyword: Anti-termitic activities, essential oil, Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgre

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Di Man

This research aims to recognize the effectiveness of talking stick teaching method on learning result in economics subject study of tenth grade in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 . The method of this research is experiment in a from quasy experiment. The source of data of this research are 76 students which consist of X IIS 1 students and X IIS 2 students of academic year 2015/2016. The result of data analysis shows that learning result of economics subject study in experiment class achieved 80,62 of average score and 76,43 of its controlled class. There is a positive and significant difference between learning result of economics subject study which is taught by using talking stick method and conventional way of teaching in which experiment class score is better than the controlled class one. Furthermore, the effect size score is in high category which is 0,48

The effects of weathering demonstrated by maternal age on low birth weight outcome in babies

BACKGROUND: Increasing age has been hypothesized with wear and tear (weathering) in mothers, which may result to low birthweight of their babies. The prevalence of low birthweight could be heightened if maternal weathering is associated with poor maternal socioeconomic variables. In this current study, we analyzed the effects of maternal weathering on babies’ birthweights.METHODS: One hundred and twenty four mother-baby pairs were selected using systematic random sampling method. Maternal age formed part of the demographic data that was obtained from the mothers’ case notes and from interviews held with them. Maternal socioeconomic variables were assessed using Oyedeji’s parameters and birthweights of babies were determined using bassinet weighing scale. Associations between maternal socioeconomic variables and birthweight of babies were assessed using univariate analysis. Differences in mean birthweight of babies according to their maternal age were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance ANOVA.RESULTS: Among the 124 babies, 66(53.2%) were males and 58(46.8%) females of whom the majority 104(83.9%, had normal birthweight. The mean birthweight of babies was 3.05±0.57 (95% CI, 2.95–3.15) kg, while the mean maternal age was 23.60 (5.2) 95% CI, (22.68–24.52) years. The difference between mean birthweight of babies and mean maternal age was not significant (F=1.35, p=0.255). Similarly, the association between birthweight, maternal education and occupation computed using univariate analysis was not significant (F=2.163, p=0.120) for education and (F=1.825, p=0.166) for occupation.CONCLUSION: In this study, maternal weathering was not found to be associated with LBW outcome. This implies that an increase in maternal age may not be significantly associated with LBW. However, there is need for further research on this subject from different centers using larger sample size in order to enhance the precision of the study.KEYWORDS: Mother-baby pairs, Maternal Weathering, Low birthweight, Maiduguri, Nigeri

Analisis Kinerja Pengurus dalam Meningkatkan Shu pada Koperasi Karyawan Mekar PT Pln Wilayah Kalbar di Kubu Raya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja pengurus dalam meningkatkan SHU pada Koperasi Karyawan Mekar PT PLN wilayah Kalbar di Pontianak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa komunikasi langsung dengan alat pengumpul data berupa pedoman wawancara, dan studi dokumenter yang berupa lembar catatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengurus Koperasi Karyawan Mekar PT PLN Wilayah Kalimantan Barat di Kubu Raya melakukan empat indikator kinerja. Berikut kesimpulan secara khusus dari kinerja pengurus di Koperasi Karyawan Mekar PT PLN Wilayah Kalimantan Barat di Kubu Raya: 1) Kemampuan berkomunikasi dilihat dari kemampuan memahami pesan yang diampaikan anggota, adanya interaksi antara pengerus dengan anggota maupun sesama pengurus, mampu mempengaruhi melalui pesan yang disampaikan 2) Kemampuan melaksanakan program kerja dilihat dari mampu membuat laporan pertanggung jawaban denga benar, melakukan pembagian SHU sesuai dengan AD ART, menyelenggarakan RAT secara rutin 3) Kemampuan mengelola koperasi dilihat dari mampu menjalin hubungan yang baik dengan komponen koperasi, mampu mengkoordinir seluruh unit USAha, mampu mengkoordinir SDM yang ada, mengadakan rapat pengurus secara rutin, menjalankan tugas sesuai dengan apa yang telah diamanahkan, mampu bekerjasama sebagai sebuah tim, 4) kemampuan mengambil keputusan dilihat dari dapat memberikan respon positif dari suatu masalah, mampu menjalin dan menjaga hubungan yang baik dengan pihak lain. Kata Kunci: Kinerja Pengurus, Meningkatkan SHU Abstrack: This study was aimed to determine the performance of the management in improving the SHU Employees Cooperative Mekar PT PLN region West Borneo in Pontianak. The method used in this research is descriptive method. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of direct communication with a data collector in the form of interview, and documentary studies in the form of a record sheet. The results showed that the Employees Cooperative Management Mekar PT PLN Kalimantan Barat in Kubu Raya doing four performance indicators. The following conclusions exclusively on performance management in the Cooperative Employees Mekar PT PLN Kalimantan Barat in Kubu Raya: 1) The ability to communicate the views from the ability to understand the message that diampaikan members, the interaction between pengerus with members and fellow administrators, able to influence through a message delivered 2 ) the ability to carry out the work program of visits of being able to make the accountability report of premises properly, perform the division SHU accordance with AD ART, organized RAT routinely 3) the ability to manage the cooperative visits from able to establish a good relationship with the components cooperative, able to coordinate all business units, capable coordinating human resources, held a board meeting on a regular basis, carry out duties in accordance with what has been mandated, able to work together as a team, 4) the ability to take a decision viewed from can give a positive response to a problem, be able to establish and maintain a good relationship with the other