Embryonic malformations following exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles in Mus musculus

زمینه و هدف: کاربرد گسترده‌ای از نانو مواد در صنعت، پزشکی و محصولات مصرفی باعث افزایش نگرانی در مورد سمیت بالقوه آن ها شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر سمیت نانو ذره اکسید مس بر رشد و نمو جنین موش نژاد NMRI است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 42 موش سوری ماده بالغ به‌طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تقسیم شدند (7n=). چهار گروه تجربی در روز 3 و 12 بارداری نانو ذرات اکسید مس با غلظت‌های 300، 400، 500 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به‌ صورت داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. گروه شم آب مقطر دیونیزه به‌عنوان حلال نانوذره مس دریافت کرد و گروه کنترل نانوذره‌ای دریافت نکرد. در روز 17 بارداری موش‌ها کالبد شکافی شده و جنین‌ها از بافت رحمی خارج شدند. مطالعات هیستوپاتولوژیک با استفاده از رنگ‌آمیزی هماتوکسیلین ائوزین و میکروسکوپ نوری انجام شد. نتایج با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و به روش آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه (ANOVA) و تست تعقیبی دانکن در سطح معنی‌داری (05/0>P) مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد نانوذره اکسید مس بر روند ارگانوژنز، تکمیل ساختار عصبی، لوبولاسیون کبدی و زمان احتمالی عقب بودن تشکیل جنین در غلظت600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم تأثیر گذاشت. همچنین میانگین تعداد سومیت ها در غلظت‌های 400، 500 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در مقایسه با کنترل کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان داد (05/0

Histopathological Evaluation of Kidney and Heart Tissues after Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Mus musculus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Copper nanoparticles are being extensively used in medical sciences, food supplements and industrial fields. However, their potential toxic effects on human health and the environment remain undetermined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on kidney and heart tissues of mice. METHODS: In this experimental study, 42 adult female mice, weighing 30±3 g, were randomly divided into control, sham and four experimental groups. The mice in the experimental groups intraperitoneally received copper oxide nanoparticles with doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg. After autopsy, the hearts and kidneys of mice were separated and weighed. For histopathological examinations, heart and kidney tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.  FINDINGS: Kidney weight in control and sham groups, compared to experimental groups receiving nanoparticle doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg, reduced to 21±0.02, 19±0.02, 20±0.02 and 22±0.01 g, respectively, while no significant changes were observed in the heart weight. Histopathological examination of kidney and heart after the intraperitoneal injection of copper oxide nanoparticles showed signs of cytotoxicity including congestion, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that copper oxide nanoparticles cause damage to the kidney and heart in a dose-dependent wa

A new anthracnose disease of pyrethrum caused by Colletotrichum tanaceti sp. nov.

A new pathogen of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) causing anthracnose was described as Colletotrichum tanaceti based on morphological characteristics and a four-gene phylogeny consisting of rDNA-ITS, b-tubulin (TUB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and actin (ACT) gene sequences. The fungus produced perithecia in culture, requiring an opposite mating type isolate in a heterothallic manner. The initial infection strategy on pyrethrum leaves involved the formation of appressoria followed by production of multilobed infection vesicles in the epidermal cells. Infection and colonization then proceeded through thinner secondary hyphae, which resulted in the initial production of water-soaked lesions followed by black necrotic lesions. The infection process was suggestive of a hemibiotrophic infection strategy. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis clearly showed that C. destructivum, C. higginsianum and C. panacicola were separate species that also had similar intracellular hemibiotrophic infection strategies as C. tanaceti, which all clustered in the C. destructivum complex. Colletotrichum spp. were detected at 1% incidence in seed of 1 of 19 seed lines, indicating the potential for seed as a source of inoculum into crops. Colletotrichum tanaceti was detected in leaf lesions from 11 of 24 pyrethrum fields surveyed between April and July 2012, at a frequency of 1.3–25.0% of lesions. Anthracnose probably contributes to the complex of foliar diseases reducing green leaf area in pyrethrum fields in Australia