Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Acute exercise leads to regulation of Telomere-Associated genes and MicroRNA expression in immune Cells

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosomal ends from degradation. These structures progressively shorten during cellular division and can signal replicative senescence below a critical length. Telomere length is predominantly maintained by the enzyme telomerase. Significant decreases in telomere length and telomerase activity are associated with a host of chronic diseases; conversely their maintenance underpins the optimal function of the adaptive immune system. Habitual physical activity is associated with longer leukocyte telomere length; however, the precise mechanisms are unclear. Potential hypotheses include regulation of telomeric gene transcription and/or microRNAs (miRNAs). We investigated the acute exercise-induced response of telomeric genes and miRNAs in twenty-two healthy males (mean age = 24.1±1.55 years). Participants undertook 30 minutes of treadmill running at 80% of peak oxygen uptake. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately post-exercise and 60 minutes post-exercise. Total RNA from white blood cells was submitted to miRNA arrays and telomere extension mRNA array. Results were individually validated in white blood cells and sorted T cell lymphocyte subsets using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA (P = 0.001) and sirtuin-6 (SIRT6) (P<0.05) mRNA expression were upregulated in white blood cells after exercise. Fifty-six miRNAs were also differentially regulated post-exercise (FDR <0.05). In silico analysis identified four miRNAs (miR-186, miR-181, miR-15a and miR-96) that potentially targeted telomeric gene mRNA. The four miRNAs exhibited significant upregulation 60 minutes post-exercise (P<0.001). Telomeric repeat binding factor 2, interacting protein (TERF2IP) was identified as a potential binding target for miR-186 and miR-96 and demonstrated concomitant downregulation (P<0.01) at the corresponding time point. Intense cardiorespiratory exercise was sufficient to differentially regulate key telomeric genes and miRNAs in white blood cells. These results may provide a mechanistic insight into telomere homeostasis and improved immune function and physical health. Funding NHMR

Recording fetal and adult magnetocardiograms using high temperature superconducting quantum interference device gradiometers

In this paper, we analyze the influence of the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometer baseline on the recording of magnetocardiographic measurements. The magnetometers consist of high-temperature superconducting radio-frequency SQUIDs fabricated from YBaCuO thin films' and a substrate resonator which serves as tank circuit. The gradiometers are formed using two or three such magnetometers with individual readouts in electronic difference. We have compared the measurement results using a magnetometer and first- and second-order gradiometers with different baselines. In a standard magnetically shielded room, we found not only an increasing signal-to-noise ratio in adult magnetocardiographic measurements, but also a decreasing distortion of the magnetic field map with increasing baseline of the gradiometer. Using a first-order gradiometer with an ultralong baseline of 18 cm, we have successfully measured the heart signal of a fetus in real time

Place des lipides dans l'alimentation du sportif

Les acides gras, en tant que substrats énergétiques. Limites à la contribution des lipides dans la fourniture d'énergie. Comment augmenter l'utilisation des acides gras à l'exercice ? Apports lipidiques conseillés chez le sportif

HTS SQUID Gradiometer Using Substrate Resonators Operating in an Unshielded Environment - a Portable MCG System

We have demonstrated and verified the basic feasibility of performing magnetocardiographic (MCG) measurements without magnetic shielding when using a first-order electronic gradiometer with our novel dielectric substrate resonator rf SQUID's. The setup at the operation site involved adjustment of the gradiometer's baseline length and adaptive balancing. Our experimental portable system was tested, in three environments differing in the level of electromagnetic interference

Effects of the superconductivity transition on the response of YBCO edge transition bolometers

Dependence of the phase and magnitude of the response of Y-Ba-Cu-O edge transition bolometers on the superconducting transition is studied. The responses of both large and small area devices were investigated and several anomalies are observed. The response of small area LaAlO3 devices considerably differed from that expected based on the dR/dT curve. This discrepancy is observed to be strongly dependent on the superconducting transition. Both the phase and magnitude/(dR/dT) of the response of the devices showed abrupt changes for below the Tc-onset when measured versus temperature, while the phase variation also showed strong dependence on the modulation frequency. We present the analysis and propose mechanisms responsible for the modulation frequency dependence of the response characteristics versus temperature, within the superconductivity transition region of the devices