Toward the application of ISO 26262 for real-life embedded mechatronic systems

International audienceThe document ISO 26262 entitled ‘Road vehicles – Functional Safety’ [1] is a standard being issued by the TC22/SC3/WG16 working group of the International Standard Organization. Its scope is the functional safety of electric and electronic (E/E) embedded systems installed in automotive vehicles

Towards functional safety in automotive electronics

International audienceThe part of electronics in automobile design becomes more and more important with an exponential growth during the last 10 years. Nowadays, innovation in automotive industry is driven by electronics. New upcoming electrical/electronic systems (E/E systems) such as advanced driver assistance systems or x-by-wire systems as well as consumer expectation regarding safety will require a dedicated standard to ensure design, development and production of safe products before their introduction on the market.ISO/TC22/SC3/WG16 has been formed to issue the ISO26262 international standard that will specifically address functional safety of E/E systems of automotive industry.This paper provides information about the future ISO26262 which is based on the current results of ISO/TC22/SC3/WG16 [1], those still being subject to changes before the international standard release

Etude des fonctions B-splines non-uniformes pour la reconstruction d'un signal discret à partir d'un échantillonnage irrégulier

Cet article traite le problème de la reconstruction d'un signal discret à partir de ses échantillons prélevés à des instants irréguliers. La méthode proposée est une méthode de reconstruction locale basée sur des fonctions B-splines non-uniformes. Sous certaines contraintes (multiplicité imposée aux noeuds, support minimal), nous généralisons la construction des éléments de la base de la fonction spline. Quel que soit le degré de la fonction spline, nous montrons que deux noeuds sont suffisants pour une reconstruction locale du signal. Nous généralisons le calcul des coefficients de la fonction spline. Une extension de la méthode à un signal bidimensionnel est proposée. Les résultats des simulations sont satisfaisants

Redox-active ferrocene-modified Cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles

A naturally occurring nanoparticle, the plant virus Cowpea mosaic virus, can be decorated with ferrocene derivatives, of various linker lengths with amine and carboxylategroups, on the external surface using a range of conjugation strategies. The multiple, organometallic, redox-active ferrocene moieties on the outer surface of the virus are electrochemically independent with reduction potentials that span a potential window of 0.16 V that are dependent on the site of modification and the nature of the ferrocene derivative. The number of ferrocenes coupled to each virus ranges from about 100 to 240 depending upon the conjugation site and the linker length and these redox active units can provide multielectron reservoirs

Bases orthonormées d'ondelettes splines linéaires adaptées à une grille irrégulière

- Dans cet article, nous proposons une construction d'une base d'ondelettes orthonormée correspondant à une analyse par des fonctions B-splines non-uniformes de degré un. Nous montrons que le passage d'une échelle à l'autre est réalisé par un banc de filtres caractérisé par la localisation des données dans la séquence initiale. Les expressions explicites des coefficients des filtres sont fournies. Les fonctions d'échelles et d'ondelettes obtenues ne sont plus des translatées et des dilatées d'une seule fonction. Ceci nous permet de proposer une définition de l'analyse multirésolution d'un signal échantillonné à des instants irréguliers

Two and three-dimensional oscillons in nonlinear Faraday resonance

We study 2D and 3D localised oscillating patterns in a simple model system exhibiting nonlinear Faraday resonance. The corresponding amplitude equation is shown to have exact soliton solutions which are found to be always unstable in 3D. On the contrary, the 2D solitons are shown to be stable in a certain parameter range; hence the damping and parametric driving are capable of suppressing the nonlinear blowup and dispersive decay of solitons in two dimensions. The negative feedback loop occurs via the enslaving of the soliton's phase, coupled to the driver, to its amplitude and width.Comment: 4 pages; 1 figur

Practical computational toolkits for dendrimers and dendrons structure design

Dendrimers and dendrons offer an excellent platform for developing novel drug delivery systems and medicines. The rational design and further development of these repetitively branched systems are restricted by difficulties in scalable synthesis and structural determination, which can be overcome by judicious use of molecular modelling and molecular simulations. A major difficulty to utilise in silico studies to design dendrimers lies in the laborious generation of their structures. Current modelling tools utilise automated assembly of simpler dendrimers or the inefficient manual assembly of monomer precursors to generate more complicated dendrimer structures. Herein we describe two novel graphical user interface (GUI) toolkits written in Python that provide an improved degree of automation for rapid assembly of dendrimers and generation of their 2D and 3D structures. Our first toolkit uses the RDkit library, SMILES nomenclature of monomers and SMARTS reaction nomenclature to generate SMILES and mol files of dendrimers without 3D coordinates. These files are used for simple graphical representations and storing their structures in databases. The second toolkit assembles complex topology dendrimers from monomers to construct 3D dendrimer structures to be used as starting points for simulation using existing and widely available software and force fields. Both tools were validated for ease-of-use to prototype dendrimer structure and the second toolkit was especially relevant for dendrimers of high complexity and size.Peer reviewe

Intermatrix synthesis: easy technique permitting preparation of polymer-stabilized nanoparticles with desired composition and structure

The synthesis of polymer-stabilized nanoparticles (PSNPs) can be successfully carried out using intermatrix synthesis (IMS) technique, which consists in sequential loading of the functional groups of a polymer with the desired metal ions followed by nanoparticles (NPs) formation stage. After each metal-loading-NPs-formation cycle, the functional groups of the polymer appear to be regenerated. This allows for repeating the cycles to increase the NPs content or to obtain NPs with different structures and compositions (e.g. core-shell or core-sandwich). This article reports the results on the further development of the IMS technique. The formation of NPs has been shown to proceed by not only the metal reduction reaction (e.g. Cu0-NPs) but also by the precipitation reaction resulting in the IMS of PSNPs of metal salts (e.g. CuS-NPs)