39 research outputs found
Health care seeking behavior for diarrhea in children under 5 in rural Niger: results of a cross-sectional survey
Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Health care seeking behavior for diarrhea varies by context and has important implications for developing appropriate care strategies and estimating burden of disease. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of children under five with diarrhea who consulted at a health structure in order to identify the appropriate health care levels to set up surveillance of severe diarrheal diseases
Responsible management: Engaging moral reflexive practice through threshold concepts
YesIn this conceptual paper we argue that, to date, principles of responsible management have not impacted practice as anticipated because of a disconnect between knowledge and practice. This disconnect means that an awareness of ethical concerns, by itself, does not help students take personal responsibility for their actions. We suggest that an abstract knowledge of principles has to be supplemented by an engaged understanding of the responsibility of managers and leaders to actively challenge irresponsible practices. We argue that a form of moral reflexive practice drawing on an understanding of threshold concepts is central to responsible management, and provides a gateway to transformative learning. Our conceptual argument leads to implications for management and professional education
Health and economic impact of rotavirus vaccination in GAVI-eligible countries
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rotavirus infection is responsible for about 500,000 deaths annually, and the disease burden is disproportionately borne by children in low-income countries. Recently the World Health Organization (WHO) has released a global recommendation that all countries include infant rotavirus vaccination in their national immunization programs. Our objective was to provide information on the expected health, economic and financial consequences of rotavirus vaccines in the 72 GAVI support-eligible countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We synthesized population-level data from various sources (primarily from global-level databases) for the 72 countries eligible for the support by the GAVI Alliance (GAVI-eligible countries) in order to estimate the health and economic impact associated with rotavirus vaccination programs. The primary outcome measure was incremental cost (in 2005 international dollars [I25 per vaccinated child (~200 was 47. Using the WHO's cost-effectiveness threshold based on per capita GDP, the vaccines were considered cost-effective in 68 of the 72 countries (~94%). A 10-year routine rotavirus vaccination would prevent 0.9-2.8 million rotavirus associated deaths among children under age 5 in the poorest parts of the world, depending on vaccine scale-up scenarios. Over the same intervention period, rotavirus vaccination programs would also prevent 4.5-13.3 million estimated cases of hospitalization and 41-107 million cases of outpatient clinic visits in the same population.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings suggest that rotavirus vaccination would be considered a worthwhile investment for improving general development as well as childhood health level in most low-income countries, with a favorable cost-effectiveness profile even under a vaccine price (5.0 per dose) higher than those of traditional childhood vaccines.</p
Recommended adult immunization schedule, United States, 2020
In October 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization
Practices (ACIP) voted to approve the Recommended
Adult Immunization Schedule for Ages 19
Years or Older, United States, 2020. The 2020 adult immunization
schedule, available at www.cdc.gov/vaccines
/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html, summarizes ACIP recommendations
in 2 tables and accompanying notes (Figure).
The full ACIP recommendations for each vaccine are available
at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/index.html.
The 2020 schedule has also been approved by the director
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) and by the American College of Physicians (www
.acponline.org), American Academy of Family Physicians
(www.aafp.org), American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists (www.acog.org), and American College of
Nurse-Midwives (www.midwife.org)