Harmonic Mean Labelling of Subdivision and Related Graphs

A graph G=(V,E) with p vertices and q edges is said to be a mean graph if it is possible to label the vertices with distinct elements f(x) from 0,1,2,…..q in such a way that when each edge is labelled with if is even and if is odd, then the resulting edge labels are distinct. is called a mean labelling of G. In this paper, we investigate the mean labelling of caterpillar, dragon, arbitrary super subdivision of a path and some graphs which are obtained from cycles and stars

Study on the role of socio-demographic factors affecting teenage pregnancy and its feto-maternal outcomes

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy during 11 to 19 yrs period is called teenage pregnancy. It is one the most important public health problem all over the world with varying prevalence. It is associated with high maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The complications are anemia, preterm delivery ,hydramnios ,malposition, preeclampsia, eclampsia, PPROM,multiple pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of teenage pregnancy was carried out at Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai during the period july 2014 - july 2015. Pregnant women admitted in labour ward were taken for study. 200 cases of teenage women upto 19 yrs were compared with 200 cases of 20 - 29 yr old pregnant women. Cases were selected randomly and randomisation was attained by selecting same number of controls as number of index cases randomly who delivered on that day. A structured proforma was used to collect information. The cases were followed till they got discharged. Information regarding age, educational status, occupation, socioeconomic status,number of siblings in the family, marital status, age at marriage, health awareness, knowledge about pregnancy and delivery, antenatal visits were obtained from history. Basic checkup like Height and Weight of the patient,BMI, Haemoglobin and B.P checkup were done. Complications during antenatal period, delivery and postpartum were observed.. Details regarding mode of delivery and birth weight of the baby were noted. Baby details noted and babies admitted in neonatal ward were followed up till they were discharged. Patients and their babies were followed up at O.P. one month later and any untoward events in the intervening period noted down. RESULTS: The incidence of teenage pregnancy was 9.6%.2/3 of pregnant teenagers were 19 yr olds. Mean Hb in study group was 9.58%. Incidence of severe PIH was 3.66 %. All complications occurring postpartum such as local sepsis, mastitis and UTI were increased in teenage group. There was not much difference in the mode of delivery between the 2 groups. About 38.50% of babies born to mothers in the study group were low birth weight (<2.5kg). About 1/3 of babies born to mothers in the study group required NICU admission. Leading causes of admission in NICU were respiratory distress and LBW / preterm babies. CONCLUSION: Teenage pregnancy is associated with significantly higher risk of of anemia,PIH,preterm deliveries,neonatal mortality and morbidity. A combined multidisciplinary approach involving educationists, health and social workers, obstetrician and gynaecologists is required to improve the adolescent’s reproductive health

Growth Dynamics of Australia's Polar Dinosaurs

Analysis of bone microstructure in ornithopod and theropod dinosaurs from Victoria, Australia, documents ontogenetic changes, providing insight into the dinosaurs' successful habitation of Cretaceous Antarctic environments. Woven-fibered bone tissue in the smallest specimens indicates rapid growth rates during early ontogeny. Later ontogeny is marked by parallel-fibered tissue, suggesting reduced growth rates approaching skeletal maturity. Bone microstructure similarities between the ornithopods and theropods, including the presence of LAGs in each group, suggest there is no osteohistologic evidence supporting the hypothesis that polar theropods hibernated seasonally. Results instead suggest high-latitude dinosaurs had growth trajectories similar to their lower-latitude relatives and thus, rapid early ontogenetic growth and the cyclical suspensions of growth inherent in the theropod and ornithopod lineages enabled them to successfully exploit polar regions

Web page recommendation system using bat optimization and weighted support vector machine algorithm for health care service

Web-page recommendation commands a predominant part in smartweb systems. &nbsp;Discovery of meaningfulinformation from web utilization data and improvedrepresentation of knowledge for resourcefulweb-page recommendations are important and a huge challenge. The availabletechniques faces problems with information over load when the users tryretrieving the exact information that end users require. In addition,it also experiences issues with meaningful semantic information and thereforeit does not yield satisfactory web based services for the end users. To deal with the above statedissues, in this research work, BAOs (Bat Agent Optimizations) and WSVMs (Weighted Support Vector Machines) are combined to form BAO+WSVM algorithm for web page recommendations that are effective and useful. The experiments are carried out on the health records of COPDs (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) collected from websites of government hospitals. Attention has been paid on BAO+WSVM to providetheoptimal webpages for patients. User bat agent forms the interface between the user and the system providing an active environment for the users. At first, web log pre-processing is carried out with the help of data cleaning, user identification, and session identification. Later, Semantic information extractions are carried out applying DOWLs (Domain OntologyWeb language) which helps construct the ontology associated with a website utilizing its structure

Web Page Recommendation System Using Bat Optimization and Weighted Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Health Care Service

Web-page recommendation commands a predominant part in smartweb systems. &nbsp;Discovery of meaningfulinformation from web utilization data and improvedrepresentation of knowledge for resourcefulweb-page recommendations are important and a huge challenge. The availabletechniques faces problems with information over load when the users tryretrieving the exact information that end users require. In addition,it also experiences issues with meaningful semantic information and thereforeit does not yield satisfactory web based services for the end users. To deal with the above statedissues, in this research work, BAOs (Bat Agent Optimizations) and WSVMs (Weighted Support Vector Machines) are combined to form BAO+WSVM algorithm for web page recommendations that are effective and useful. The experiments are carried out on the health records of COPDs (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases) collected from websites of government hospitals. Attention has been paid on BAO+WSVM to providetheoptimal webpages for patients. User bat agent forms the interface between the user and the system providing an active environment for the users. At first, web log pre-processing is carried out with the help of data cleaning, user identification, and session identification. Later, Semantic information extractions are carried out applying DOWLs (Domain OntologyWeb language) which helps construct the ontology associated with a website utilizing its structure

NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) ON CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Objectives: The present study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and nephroprotective potential of ethanolic extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar male rats. Methods: Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg b.w.) on the first day of the experiment. The animals were treated with ethanolic extract of garlic at doses 150 mg/kg b.w. and 300 mg/kg b.w. for four consecutive days. The effect of the higher dose (300 mg/kg b.w.) of garlic extract on normal rats was also studied. The animals were sacrificed on the fifth day and enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation were assessed in kidney whereas urea, creatinine, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were quantified in serum samples. Results: Cisplatin induction resulted in a decrease in the activities of kidney antioxidants with a concomitant increase in kidney weight, lipid peroxidation along with serum kidney markers like urea, creatinine, uric acid and BUN. Treatment with ethanolic extract of garlic rendered a protective effect by boosting up the antioxidant levels and reverting back the markers to near normalcy. The garlic extract at higher dose also had no significant biochemical alterations in normal rats. Conclusion: The results from this study reveals that the ethanolic extract of garlic possess a potential nephroprotective property with no aftereffects. Keywords: Allium sativum, Cisplatin, Antioxidants, Nephroprotective, Kidney markers

Evaluation of Basella rubra L., Rumex nepalensis Spreng. and Commelina benghalensis L. for antioxidant activity

Basella rubra L., Rumex nepalensis Spreng. and Commelina benghalensis L., are commonly consumed as leafy vegetable in rural India. In the present study, acetone, methanol and water extracts of B. rubra, R. nepalensis and C. benghalensis were evaluated for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential by employing different in vitro assays such as reducing power, DPPHâ, ABTSâ¢+, hydroxyl, superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging capacities, metal ion chelating ability and peroxidation inhibition activity through β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion system. All the tested extracts contained considerable levels of total phenolics, tannin, flavonoids and vitamin C content. The extracts also exhibited increasing reducing activity with increasing concentration. Among the samples, the extracts of R. nepalensis registered higher activity in DPPHâ¢, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays. Further, all the extracts registered noticeable superoxide and ABTSâ¢+ radical scavenging potential. At a concentration of 250μg in the final reaction mixture, all the tested extracts were found to have recognizable peroxidation inhibition and metal chelation. The results indicated that the selected plants may serve as potential source of natural antioxidants capable of offering protection against free radical mediated damages

Bone growth patterns in two cordylid lizards, Cordylus cataphractus and Pseudocordylus capensis

Cross-sections through the midshaft of the femora from an ontogenetic range of individuals were examined for Cordylus cataphractus, a heavily armoured, group-living lizard found in the western parts of South Africa, and Pseudocordylus capensis, an agile, montane lizard, occurring in the Cape Fold Mountains of South Africa. Relative bone thickness was found to be high in C. cataphractus and low in P. capensis. Both species displayed a high incidence of double lines of arrested growth. Endosteal resorption and deposition were extensive in C. cataphractus, occurring around the entire medullary cavity margin, and, except in the smallest juveniles, embryonic bone and the birthline had been completely resorbed. In P. capensis, on the other hand, endosteal resorption and deposition were limited and highly localized. Remnants of embryonic bone and a birthline were present in juveniles of varying size, as well as in several adults. These remnants always occurred in the dorsal half of the femoral midshaft and coincided with endosteal deposits, when present. In both species, maximum endosteal deposition and minimum periosteal deposition characterized the dorsal half of the femoral midshaft, while the ventral half was characterized by maximum periosteal deposition and most intensive endosteal resorption. In C. cataphractus, the correlation between medullary cavity area and total bone area differed significantly between the sexes, but not so in P. capensis. The remodelling process in each species can be explained in terms of the respective lifestyles of the species.Keywords: bone histology, femur, embryonic bone, remodelling, double lines of arrested growt