Dual-Stream Attention Transformers for Sewer Defect Classification

We propose a dual-stream multi-scale vision transformer (DS-MSHViT) architecture that processes RGB and optical flow inputs for efficient sewer defect classification. Unlike existing methods that combine the predictions of two separate networks trained on each modality, we jointly train a single network with two branches for RGB and motion. Our key idea is to use self-attention regularization to harness the complementary strengths of the RGB and motion streams. The motion stream alone struggles to generate accurate attention maps, as motion images lack the rich visual features present in RGB images. To facilitate this, we introduce an attention consistency loss between the dual streams. By leveraging motion cues through a self-attention regularizer, we align and enhance RGB attention maps, enabling the network to concentrate on pertinent input regions. We evaluate our data on a public dataset as well as cross-validate our model performance in a novel dataset. Our method outperforms existing models that utilize either convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or multi-scale hybrid vision transformers (MSHViTs) without employing attention regularization between the two streams

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Surface Sediments of Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah City, Southern Iraq

Sediment samples collected from nine sampling sites along the Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah City, Iraq were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector in order to determine the degree and sources of PAHs contamination. The total organic carbon (TOC) content and grain size of sediments were also analyzed. The Shatt Al-Arab River sediments content of PAHs were relatively moderate compared to other  world-wide locations contaminated by oil. The total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 30.86 ng/g dry weight in the IX site to 87.79 ng/g dry weight in the VI site with highest content of PAHs were found in the Shatt Al-Arab River sediments near potential oil pollution sources, close to sites II, IV, VI, and VIII. The % TOC was varied from 0.32 to 1.64 %. The concentrations of PAHs in the Shatt Al-Arab River sediments appeared to be related to % TOC or grain size. The selected marked PAHs, the PAHs compounds ratios and the principal component analysis (PCA) suggest that the PAHs have originated from at least three different sources: (1) Pyrolytic-from different combustion processes, (2) petrogenic-from inputs petroleum and petroleum products, and (3) biogenic-from situ organisms. The potential ecosystem risk assessment indicated that PAHs will not cause immediate adverse biological effects in the Shatt Al-Arab River. Keywords: PAH compounds, Sediments, Shatt Al-Arab River, TOC, Basrah.

Performance comparison between 802.11 and 802.11p for high speed vehicle in VANET

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) technology has been emerged as a critical research area. Being ad-hoc in nature, VANET is a type of networks that is created from the concept of establishing a network of cars for a specific need or situation. Communication via routing packets over the high-speed vehicles is a challenging task. Vehicles mobility, speed can vary depending on the road specification. However, on highway, the speed can be increase up to 120 – 200 Km/H. Moving at high speed can affect the efficiency of data delivery. In particular V2I traffic where moving car trying to deliver data to fixed space units which are designed to collect and process data from vehicles. Different protocols have been proposed to be implemented for VANET infrastructure, including 802.11 and 802.11p. In this paper, the performance of the most widely deployed MAC protocols for handling wireless communication which is 802.11 and the 802.11p have been compared, which is a customized version for high speed modes. Performance is investigated in term of data delivery evaluation metrics including network throughput, delay and packet delivery ration. Results show that 802.11p has efficiently enhanced the network performance where network throughput is increased, delay is decreased, and packet delivery ratio is increased as well

New Tetra-dentate Schiff Base Ligand N2O2 and Its Complexes with Some of Metal Ions: Preparation, Identification, and Studying Their Enzymatic and Biological Activities

في هذا البحث، تم تحضير ليجند جديد رباعي المخلب، بعنوان 5و3-بس (5- برومو-2-هايدروكسي بنزالدين امينو) حمض البنزويك (H3L) ، من خلال عملية التكثيف المحفز بالحامض. تم أيضًا تحضير أربعة معقدات فلزية جديدة مع أيونات Co (II) و Ni (II) و Cu (II) و Zn (II) ، من مفاعلة مولات مكافئة. تركيب الليكاند ومعقداته تم تأكيدها من خلال العديد من طرائق التوصيف، بما في ذلك الأشعة فوق البنفسجية المرئية، الأشعة تحت الحمراء، مطياف الكتلة، أطياف الرنين المغناطيسي النووي للبروتون والكاربون، الامتصاص الذري اللهبي، الحساسية المغناطيسية، وقياسات التوصيلية المولارية. أثبتت نتائج التحاليل الطيفية أن الليكاند المحضر يعمل كرابط رباعي المخلب ثنائي الشحنة السالبة ويرتبط مع ألايونات الفلزية بواسطة ذرتين من النيتروجين من مجموعتي الآزوميثين وبواسطة ذرتين من الأوكسجين من مجموعتي هيدروكسيل الفينول بعد فقدانهما لبروتونيهما. تم اقتراح بنية ثماني السطوح لجميع المعقدات المحضرة. تم فحص النشاطات (المضادة للبكتيريا) و (المضادة للفطريات) لهذه المركبات ضد بكتريا (E. coli) ، (S. aureus)، (Klebsiella spp.)، (S. epidermidis)، وفطر ال (Candida albicans). أشارت النتائج إلى أن هذه المركبات لها سلوك تثبيط معتدل. كما تمت دراسة نشاط المركبات المحضرة ضد إنزيم أستيل كولين استيراز (AChE) وتشير البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها إلى وجود سلوك تثبيط مختلف.In present work, new tetra-dentate ligand, titled 3,5-bis ((E)-5-Bromo-2-hydroxy benzylidene amino) benzoic acid (H3L), was prepared via an acid-catalyzed condensation process. New four metallic ligand complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, were also prepared from the refluxing of equivalent moles. Ligand's structure and its complexes; were confirmed by numerous characterization methods, including Ultraviolet-Visible, Infrared, Mass Spectrometer, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, atomic absorption, magnetic moments, and molar conductivity measurements. The results of the spectroscopic analyzes proved that the prepared ligand acts as tetradentate bi-ionic ligand and it was bonded to the metal ions by two nitrogen atoms of the two azomethine groups and by two oxygen atoms of the two phenolic hydroxyl groups after losing their two protons. Octahedral structure proposed to all prepared complexes. The (anti-bacterial) and (anti-fungal) activities of these compound were screened against (E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella spp., S. epidermidis,), and (Candida albicans). The results indicated that these compounds have moderated inhibition behavior. The activity of the prepared compounds against Acetyl Choline Esterase Enzyme (AChE) have also studied and the obtained data indicated the presence of different inhibition behavior

Effect of number of baffles on flow and pressure drop in a shell side of a shell and tube heat exchangers

The effect of number of baffles on flow and pressure drop on a shell side of shell-andtube heat exchangers was studied. In the present study, a set of CFD simulations using FLUENT version 17.0 from ANSYS were used to analyze the flow in the single shell and single tube pass heat exchangers consists of 20 mm diameter of tubes in staggered configuration with a variable number of baffles. The simulations were undertaken to inform on how the fluid flowed within the shell side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The results show that the variable number of baffles and baffle spacing in a heat exchanger strongly affect the flow pattern and pressure drop. This is consistent with other published data

Effect of number of baffles on flow and pressure drop in a shell side of a shell and tube heat exchangers

The effect of number of baffles on flow and pressure drop on a shell side of shell-andtube heat exchangers was studied. In the present study, a set of CFD simulations using FLUENT version 17.0 from ANSYS were used to analyze the flow in the single shell and single tube pass heat exchangers consists of 20 mm diameter of tubes in staggered configuration with a variable number of baffles. The simulations were undertaken to inform on how the fluid flowed within the shell side of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The results show that the variable number of baffles and baffle spacing in a heat exchanger strongly affect the flow pattern and pressure drop. This is consistent with other published data

Bioeffects of 1.5T Static Magnetic Field on the DNA Strand of Human Leukocytes in Vitroduring MRI Scan

Background: The non ionization of magnetic resonance fields effect sreported   with radical pair recombination. Which   is one of the familiar methods by which static magnetic felid interact with biological systems. Exposure to static magnetic fields can effect on the paramagnetic free radicals by increasing  the concentration, the activity and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might lead to genetic mutation, oxidative stress, and in some times with apoptosis. Objective: To estimate the genotoxicity on DNA molecule during expose to static magnetic field 1.5T of magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and Methods: The five blood   samples were irradiated  to 1.5T static magnetic field at different periods (10,20,30,40,and 50 minutes correspondingly). All exposures were performed at room temperature. Cellular  DNA damage had been  analyzed by the alkaline comet assay.                                                                     Results: The results approved a significant increasing  in the rate of recurrence of single-strand DNA breaks next to the  exposure of  a 1.5T of magnetic resonance imaging at 50 min. According to these  results the exposure with 3T magnetic resonance imaging encourage genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes could be suggested. Conclusion: To conclude, in the present study, employing alkaline comet assay, it has been demonstrated thatmagnetic resonance imaging- induced  DNA damages is significant in  leukocytes at 50 minute after exprosure to 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging

Spectral broadening in tight confinement geometry of a random fiber laser

We present a random Raman fiber laser pumped by a continuous-wave 1480nm source where neither a visible saturable absorber nor a fiber Bragg grating were incorporated. The backward pumping feedback loop allows a single direction of 1584nm wave propagation under tighter confinement of a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). This geometry that implies a stronger Kerr-lensing effect supports two types of nonlinear broadening that were achieved in the stable output power generation. The first that agrees well to wave kinetics theory favors 1.76 to 3.53nm spectral progress. Against this flow, another type of wider broadening begun at 4.88nm before reducing gradually to 4.05nm with the increase in pump power. The former corresponds to a maximum of 6.3 times broadening ratio with respect to the pump linewidth. To date, this is the best achievement in the world at just below 1.7 W pump power level especially without utilizing pump-pulse synchronization or any external mode-locking modulations. In contrast without the tighter confinement geometry, the initiation of 4.25nm bandwidth was realized in the unstable power zone. These ascertain the double roles of dispersion compensating fiber as a stabilizing factor as well as for dispersion management

EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES PALLAS AND LIMITLESS IN CONTROLLING THE NARROW AND BROAD LEAVE WEEDS WITHIN WHEAT CROP FIELDS AND THEIR EFFECT ON GRAIN YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENTS

The experiment was conducted at the fields of the Abu Ghraib Research Station's Agricultural Research Department, Ministry of Agriculture during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 Seasons, this study was aimed evaluation herbicides for controlling narrow and broad weed. The experiment included the use of Pallas OD herbicide, with an application rate of 500 ml. ha-1 and Limitless WG with application rate 400 g. ha-1 + 500 ml. ha-1 activator in addition to free weed treatment and weedy control treatment. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. Limitless herbicide treatment achieved the lowest mean number of weeds, which were 1.3 and 2.3 plants. m-2 with a control rate of 93.44% and 91.1%, in comparison to the weedy treatment, it decreased the dry weight of the weed (1.97 and 3.22 g. m-2) with an inhibition rate of 88.46% and 87.1% for the two seasons, respectively, which had the most weeds on average, at 22.67 and 28.7 plants. Throughout the two seasons, the weed plants with the highest average dry weight were 19.12 and 24.86 g. m-2. The number of weeds and plants.m-2 and the control rate were identical between the control treatments using Limitless and Pallas. The number of grains and spikes increased (by 39.2 and 43.20 percent, respectively) with the Limitless therapy. In comparison to the weedy treatment, spike-1 increased grain productivity by 56.9% and 66.47% for both seasons, with a percentage of 32.7% and 36.08%, weight of 1000 grains at a rate of 27.47% and 24.83%. It can be concluded that weed herbicides with low and high concentrations can be used to kill weeds in wheat fields