Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Iqra terhadap HIV dan AIDS di Kabupaten Buru

Sangat sedikit kaum muda yang memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai dan benar tentang IMS termasuk HIV dan AIDS. Dilaporkan setiap 14 detik satu orang remaja terinfeksi HIV dan AIDS. Penelitian bertujuanmengetahui perbedaan perilaku terhadap HIV dan AIDS pada mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam (program studi Pendidikan Agama Islam dan program studi Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam) Universitas Iqra Buru di Kabupaten Buru. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Populasi adalah seluruh mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Iqra Buru. Sampel adalah 60 mahasiswa Fakultas Agama Islam. Penarikan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling dengan besar sampel 41 mahasiswa programstudi Pendidikan Agama Islam dan 19 mahasiswa program studi Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah uji t independen. Hasil penelitian diperoleh variabel yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) yaitu pengetahuan (p=0,001) dan tindakan (0,000) sedangkan variabel yang tidak memiliki perbedaanadalah sikap (0,143) terhadap HIV dan AIDS. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa ada perbedaan pengetahuan dan tindakan mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Agama Islam dan program studi Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam

Challenging Tumor Heterogeneity with HER2, p16 and Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression in a Case of EBV-Associated Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland

BACKGROUND Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands (LECSG) is a rare disease in the Western hemisphere that is typically associated with an EBV infection. The molecular mechanisms of LECSG tumorigenesis are poorly understood. RESULTS Here we report a case of EBV-associated LECSG with an unusual immunophenotype. The tumor exhibited bi-morphic histological features with a mutually exclusive expression of HER2 and p16. The p16-positive domain of the tumor immunohistochemically co-expressed late membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), while the HER2 positive domain did not. Both tumor regions expressed SSTR2. METHODS In situ hybridization confirmed the EBV origin of the tumor while extensive immunohistochemical characterization and the recently established RNA-based next generation sequencing panel ("SalvGlandDx" panel) did not reveal evidence for another salivary gland neoplasm. No HPV co-infection was detected by in situ hybridization or PCR-based screenings and no ERBB2 gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION These findings suggest tumor heterogeneity and lack of genomic aberrations in EBV-associated LECSGs. The heterogenous and unusual immunohistochemical features explain the diagnostic difficulties and simultaneously extend the immunophenotype spectrum of this tumor entity

Factors associated with lack of postnatal care among Palestinian women: A cross-sectional study of three clinics in the West Bank

Dhaher E, Mikolajczyk RT, Maxwell AE, Krämer A. Factors associated with lack of postnatal care among Palestinian women: a cross-sectional study of three clinics in the West Bank. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2008;8(1): 26.Background: Only about one-third of women in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) obtain postpartum care. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess factors associated with lack of postnatal care, women's reasons for not obtaining postnatal care, and their attitudes towards its importance. Methods: In early 2006, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at three clinics run by the Ministry of Health providing Mother and Child Health Care in West Bank, Palestine. A total of 264 postpartum women attending the clinics were interviewed face-to-face, using a structured questionnaire. Results: Although the majority of women considered postnatal care necessary (66.1%), only 36.6% of women obtained postnatal care. The most frequent reason for not obtaining postnatal care was that women did not feel sick and therefore did not need postnatal care (85%), followed by not having been told by their doctor to come back for postnatal care (15.5%). Based on a multivariable analysis, use of postnatal care was higher among women who had experienced problems during their delivery, had a cesarean section, or had an instrumental vaginal delivery than among women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Use of postnatal care was also higher among women who delivered in a private hospital as compared to those who delivered in a public hospital. In addition, we found regional differences. Conclusion: The higher use of postnatal care among high-risk women is appropriate, but some clinically dangerous conditions can also occur in low-risk women. Future efforts should therefore focus on providing postnatal care to a larger number of low-risk women

Numerical model to predict the settlement response of two nearby foundations due to geotextile slippage

In this paper, a numerical study is undertaken on the settlement response of two nearby flexible loads resting on a reinforced granular bed underlain by a soft soil, considering plain strain loading conditions. The finite element code PLAXIS-8 has been used. The granular fill, soft soil and geosynthetic reinforcements are considered as linear elastic materials. The geosynthetic reinforcement is modeled with interface elements for allowing slip between the soil and reinforcement. When no interface elements were used, the geosynthetic reinforcement was modeled as if there were no slip. It appears that allowing slip has a negligible effect on the settlement predicted. The results obtained from the present investigation showed that as the number of reinforcement layers increase up to three layers, the vertical stresses in the loaded region decreases causing maximum settlement reduction at a decreasing rate of 16% and 20% for 3-layers without and with slippage respectively. A parametric study has been carried out to bring out the effect of slippage of the reinforcement layer on the settlement response in dry and saturated soils. The increase in the settlement is not significant when the slippage of the reinforcement is considered. An interesting observation in this note is that the settlement was about 10% less when there were two nearby footings compared to when there was only one. The interaction between the footings resulted in reduction in the settlements, possibly due to reduced confining pressures

Slippage effect on the settlement response of a granular soft soil system

In this paper a numerical study using the finite element method is undertaken to predict the settlement response of a footing, considering plane strain conditions, resting on a reinforced granular bed on soft soil. The granular fill, soft soil and geosynthetic reinforcement are considered as non linear materials. The geosynthetic reinforcement is modelled with interface elements for allowing slip between the soil and reinforcement. The results obtained from the present investigation showed close agreement when compared with the results of finite element analysis and lumped parameter modelling carried out by previous researchers, assuming no slip conditions. The number of reinforcement layers was taken as one or three (multilayer). A parametric study has been carried out to illustrate the effect of slippage of the reinforcement layer on the settlement response. The increase in the settlement is not significant when the slippage of the reinforcement is considered