An Empirical examination of the product variety management in Brazilian Bus Body Manufacturer

The main purpose of this paper is to understand how product variety is managed in practice. In this sense, it presents a panorama of the various aspects of product variety taken from the academic literature. Despite the importance of the theme, there are few studies related to PVM (Product variety management) and this paper is useful for academics interested in it. This paper is one of the first efforts to fulfill the gap in the literature regarding empirical studies related to PVM. The study is classified as explanatory and descriptive and offers a complete overview of how PVM is applied in the automotive industry. It shows that product variety management is an interdisciplinary issue, as the literature suggests, and that its effects can be perceived in all corporate areas in different ways. The data were collected in a limited way and can’t be generalized. It refers to a single firm in one industry in one country. Future studies should be developed in order to compare different business arena and countries.O principal objetivo deste artigo é entender como a variedade de produtos é gerenciada na prática. Nesse sentido, apresenta um panorama dos diversos aspectos da variedade de produtos retirados da literatura acadêmica. Apesar da importância do tema, existem poucos estudos relacionados ao GVP (Gestão de variedades de produtos) e este trabalho é útil para acadêmicos interessados no tema. Este trabalho é um dos primeiros esforços para preencher a lacuna na literatura sobre estudos empíricos relacionados ao GVP. O estudo é classificado como explicativo e descritivo e oferece uma visão geral completa de como o GVP é aplicado na indústria automotiva. Isso mostra que a gestão de variedades de produtos é uma questão interdisciplinar, como a literatura sugere, e que seus efeitos podem ser percebidos em todas as áreas corporativas de diferentes maneiras. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados de forma limitada e não podem ser generalizados. Refere-se a uma única empresa em um setor em um país. Estudos futuros devem ser desenvolvidos para comparar diferentes áreas de negócios e países

FERRAMENTAS E INFORMAÇÕES GERENCIAIS EM MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar como se dá a utilização das ferramentas e informações gerenciais nos micro e pequenos empreendimentos atuantes no Cariri Ocidental da Paraíba. Com a finalidade de se alcançar o respectivo objetivo, foi selecionada uma amostra com 32 micro e pequenas empresas escolhidas por acessibilidade e provenientes das cidades de Congo, Sumé, Serra Branca e Ouro Velho. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo 25 questões subjetivas e objetivas. A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza descritiva, exploratória, com a técnica de levantamento ou survey e de abordagem qualitativa. Para apresentação dos dados se utilizou tanto da descrição, como da apresentação das frequências e médias através de tabelas e gráficos, quando pertinentes. A análise se seguiu com base nas correlações entre diversas questões e na percepção dos respondentes quanto ao conteúdo proposto. Os principais resultados apontam por uma utilização acentuada por parte dos entrevistados, 53,1% da amostra, sendo que as ferramentas de cunho fiscal são as mais expressivas e as tipicamente contábeis são as menos utilizadas. A contabilidade é percebida como aliada, mas pouco utilizada pelas empresas analisadas uma vez que os empresários em sua maioria tomam decisões e gerenciam seus negócios com base mais em experiências passadas do que em informações gerenciais

NEUROMUSCULAR DETERMINANTS OF FUNCTIONAL BALANCE PERFORMANCE IN CAREER FIREFIGHTERS

Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) are one of the most common injuries in the fire service. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between biceps femoris (BF) neuromuscular function [rate of torque development (RTD), rate of electromyographic rise (RER), muscle size (CSA), and muscle quality (EI)], and functional balance performance during a simulated firefighting activity. Rate of torque development and RER were examined during a maximal isometric strength assessment with surface electromyography and ultrasonography was used to examine CSA and EI in 44 career firefighters. The functional balance performance index was significantly related to age (r = 0.423, P < 0.01), %BF (r = 0.378, P < 0.05), and RTD (r = -0.327, P < 0.05). After accounting for age and %BF, increases in RTD remained related to improved functional balance performance, which was influenced by the RER, but not the size or quality of the BF.Master of Art

EXAMINATION OF MUSCLE QUALITY AND MOTOR UNIT BEHAVIOR OF THE FIRST DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS OF NORMAL AND OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN

It is unknown whether differences in muscle quality or motor unit (MU) behavior exist between normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW) children Purpose: Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine potential differences in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) between NW and OW for peak maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC force), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), subcutaneous fat (sFAT), and echo intensity (EI), as well as parameters of motor unit behavior, specifically motor unit action potential size (MUAPSIZE) vs. recruitment threshold (RT), mean firing rate (MFR) vs. MUAPSIZE, and MFR vs. RT relationships, as well as EMG amplitude (EMGRMS[normalized as %max]). Methods: Anthropometric assessments were taken for body mass, BMI, and percent body fat (%BF). Ultrasonography scans of the FDI were completed in order to determine the muscle CSA, sFAT, and EI. MU behavior will be assessed during isometric muscle actions of the FDI at 20% and 50% MVC by the decomposition of the EMG signal from the surface of the skin. Results: OW was significantly greater than NW for mass (P < 0.001, NW = 30.96 ± 3.68 kg, OW = 41.37 ± 7.31 kg), BMI (P < 0.001, NW = 15.96 ± 0.94 kg/m2, OW = 21.22 ± 2.19 kg/m2), %BF (P < 0.001, NW = 17.01 ± 3.25%, OW = 31.01 ± 4.97%), sFAT (P < 0.001, NW = 2.19 ± 0.60 mm, OW = 3.71 ± 0.97 mm), and EI (P = 0.002, NW = 47.99 ± 6.01 AU, OW = 58.90 ± 10.63 AU). There were no differences between groups for CSA (P = 0.688, NW = 1.138 ± 0.146 cm2, OW = 1.162 ± 0.156 cm2), MVC force (P = 0.790, NW = 14.81 ± 3.49 N, OW = 14.43 ± 3.87 N) or MVC force/CSA (P = 0.697, NW = 13.00 ± 2.84 N/cm2, OW = 12.52 ± 3.60 N/cm2). However, NW had significantly greater lean CSA (CSA/EI) than OW (P = 0.040, NW = 0.024 ± 0.004 cm2/AU, OW = 0.020 ± .005 cm2/AU). For the MUAPSIZE vs. RT relationships, A terms were greater for NW (0.185 ± 0.12 mV) than OW (0.091 ± 0.05 mV) (P = 0.002), and for the MFR vs. MUAPSIZE relationships the B terms were less negative (P = 0.039) for the NW (-1.98 ± 1.36 pps/mV) than OW (-2.79 ± 1.46 pps/mV). There were no differences between groups for the slopes and y-intercepts from the MFR vs. RT relationships or for EMGRMS, however, slopes for the 50% MVC were less negative (-0.646 ± 0.18 pps/%MVC) than the slopes for the 20% MVC (-1.46 ± 0.64 pps/%MVC) and EMGRMS was greater for the 50% MVC (86.23 ± 37.7%) than the 20% MVC (32.27 ± 12.4%). Discussion: It is plausible that alterations in muscle architecture and/or stiffness as a result of greater intramuscular fat allowed the OW group to produce similar isometric MVC strength to the NW while possessing less lean CSA. This is supported by the finding that NW showed greater MUAPSIZES than OW at similar RTs and MFRs, which can be an indication of greater motor unit and muscle fiber size. The MFR vs. RT relationships for both groups agreed with the onion skin scheme, and were similar to what has previously been reported in adults, however, EMGRMS for the 50% MVC was greater for children in the current study than what has been previously reported for adults or aged individuals during similar contractions of the FDI

Language of Lullabies: The Russification and De-Russification of the Baltic States

This article argues that the laws for promotion of the national languages are a legitimate means for the Baltic states to establish their cultural independence from Russia and the former Soviet Union

NASA's University Program: Active grants and research contracts, fiscal year 1973

Indexes of research grants of the NASA University Program are presented. Only projects funded during the fiscal year 1973 are included

Suite V - Die den Weg Weisende. Teil 3: Essays 338-346

M tunnelt rechts/links auf Q. R ist ana1 von q, M und rf1qM mit M Algebra in A. q,x fin. q,M fin mit M Algebra in A. Maßtheorie: M Gewicht. Mengenring

Suite V - Die den Weg Weisende. Teil 4: Essays 347-355

A fin. M T fin. M C fin. R ist ana2 von f,q,x. rf2fqx

The morphology and electrophysiology of leech neurones in vitro: A study using microfabricated devices

1. This thesis considers the possibility of investigating neuronal information processing by making mulitisite recordings either from individual isolated neurones or from small neuronal networks of controlled design. 2. Isolated leech neurones were used (a) to study the effects of isolation on electrophysiological properties (Chapter 2); (b) to provide the first demonstration of the use of planar extracellular electrode arrays to measure electrophysiological properties of individual isolated neurones (Chapter 3); and (c) to investigate the use of topographical features for controlling the outgrowth of neurones in culture (Chapters 4 & 5). 3.The study into the effects of isolation confirmed and extended previous reports which showed that (a) the action potentials recorded from the cell body of isolated Retzius neurones are generally similar to action potentials recorded in vivo and (b) isolation causes an increase in input resistance. 4. The results of an experiment designed to show a correlation between input resistance and the length of processes, suggest that the removal of processes during extraction is not the main cause of the high input resistance of isolated cells. One possibility is that the input resistance is a direct result of a change in membrane properties. 5. This conclusion is supported by the demonstration in isolated neurones of a slow inward transient (known as anomolous rectification) that occurs shortly after the onset of large hyperpolarising current injections. This transient was not observed in dissected ganglia and has not been previously reported in leech neurones. 6. The electrophysiology of isolated nevirones was also explored using extracellular electrode arrays. Specifically the electrode arrays were used to show that: (a) the conduction velocity of action potentials in P cells is faster than that of action potentials in Retzius cells (which correlates with the difference in rise time); (b) the action potentials of isolated neurones propagate from the tip of the extracted process towards the cell body (indicating that the concentration of Na+ channels is greater at the tip of the extracted process than in other regions); and (c) the action potential in the extracted process may have a faster rise time than that in the cell body, suggesting a difference in the average concentration of Na+ channels. 7. The use of extracellular electrode arrays in the above experiments demonstrates: (a) the first multisite extracellular recordings of isolated neurones; (b) the first extracellular recordings made of the electrical activity that results from extracellular stimulation of the same cell; and (c) the feasibility of using these devices to investigate information processing in single cells. 8. In order to control the morphology of single neurones, and the connectivity of groups of neurones, the influence of the substratum in determining the morphology of cultured neurones was investigated. The principal result demonstrates for the first time that topography can influence the outgrowth morphology of large identified invertebrate neurones. The dimensions of the topographical features were similar to those required to align the neurites of much smaller vertebrate neurones. 9. The results also show that: (a) on planar Con A-coated substrata the outgrowth of Retzius neurones tends to be dominated by large lamellae, whereas on leech extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated substrata cells produced an elaborate network of neurites (confirming previous reports), (b) interference reflection microscopy (IRM) revealled that the neurites made a series of very close but intermittent contacts with the substratum, whereas the lamella was characterised by a large region of uniform close contact, and (c) whereas neurites were strongly influenced by topographical features the lamellar-type outgrowth was only partially aligned. 10. Based on these results a new hypothesis (the Topographical Modulating Hypothesis) is presented. The hypothesis proposes that the influence of topographical discontinuities in determining the morphology of neurones, or the orientation of migrating cells, is modulated by the molecular nature of the substrate

El médico en la ley de accidentes del trabajo española

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Central (Madrid), Facultad de Medicina, 1914.Universidad Central (Madrid)TRUEProQuestpu