A novel qualitative prospective methodology to assess human error during accident sequences

Numerous theoretical models and techniques to assess human error were developed since the 60's. Most of these models were developed for the nuclear, military, and aviation sectors. These methods have the following weaknesses that limit their use in industry: the lack of analysis of underlying causal cognitive mechanisms, need of retrospective data for implementation, strong dependence on expert judgment, focus on a particular type of error, and/or analysis of operator behaviour and decision-making without considering the role of the system in such decisions. The purpose of the present research is to develop a qualitative prospective methodology that does not depend exclusively on retrospective information, that does not require expert judgment for implementation and that allows predicting potential sequences of accidents before they occur. It has been proposed for new (or existent) small and medium- scale facilities, whose processes are simple. To the best of our knowledge, a methodology that meets these requirements has not been reported in literature thus far. The methodology proposed in this study was applied to the methanol storage area of a biodiesel facility. It could predict potential sequences of accidents, through the analysis of information provided by different system devices and the study of the possible deviations of operators in decision-making. It also enabled the identification of the shortcomings in the human-machine interface and proposed an optimization of the current configuration.Fil: Calvo Olivares, Romina Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Selva Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Mc Leod, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; Argentin

Creative Artificial Intelligence: Generation of New Objects

This paper presents an introduction to Artificial Intelligence and creativity. Creativity is analyzed from a biological point of view based on the concept of neuroplasticity of the human brain. It seeks to understand the process associated with the creative act to formalize it. He analyzes biological neural networks not from the point of view of their topology, but from the process, they carry out during the creative process.The focus of attention is placed on the generation of new objects. It seeks to formalize the creative act to propose a model of creativity with the ultimate goal of building a Creative Artificial Intelligence. To understand this process, well-documented examples from real life were studied. From them, the creativity process is analyzed and deconstructed into basic elements to later formalize it.Throughout history, various authors have studied the creative act and this has given rise to different theories. The proposed model is analyzed taking into account traditional approaches, constituting a tool for technological improvement that will complement human creativity.Fil: Rivera, Selva Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Mc Leod, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Mac Leod, Noelia E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; Argentin

Creative Artificial Intelligence: Generation of New Objects

This paper presents an introduction to Artificial Intelligence and creativity. Creativity is analyzed from a biological point of view based on the concept of neuroplasticity of the human brain. It seeks to understand the process associated with the creative act to formalize it. He analyzes biological neural networks not from the point of view of their topology, but from the process, they carry out during the creative process.The focus of attention is placed on the generation of new objects. It seeks to formalize the creative act to propose a model of creativity with the ultimate goal of building a Creative Artificial Intelligence. To understand this process, well-documented examples from real life were studied. From them, the creativity process is analyzed and deconstructed into basic elements to later formalize it.Throughout history, various authors have studied the creative act and this has given rise to different theories. The proposed model is analyzed taking into account traditional approaches, constituting a tool for technological improvement that will complement human creativity.Fil: Rivera, Selva Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Mc Leod, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Mac Leod, Noelia E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida por Computadora; Argentin

Fuzzy Human Reliability Analysis: Applications and Contributions Review

The applications and contributions of fuzzy set theory to human reliability analysis (HRA) are reassessed. The main contribution of fuzzy mathematics relies on its ability to represent vague information. Many HRA authors have made contributions developing new models, introducing fuzzy quantification methodologies. Conversely, others have drawn on fuzzy techniques or methodologies for quantifying already existing models. Fuzzy contributions improve HRA in five main aspects: (1) uncertainty treatment, (2) expert judgment data treatment, (3) fuzzy fault trees, (4) performance shaping factors, and (5) human behaviour model. Finally, recent fuzzy applications and new trends in fuzzy HRA are herein discussed

Latent failures on biodiesel plants

The process to obtain biodiesel is simple, however it is a chemical process in which toxic and flammable substances are used or variables like temperature or pressure should be controlled to avoid any kind of incident. Literature report accidents where most human errors are related to the confidence of operators by this simplicity. Much of these accidents are influenced by a number of factors involved constituting latent failures. This paper presents a summary of latent failures identified on biodiesel plants and a description of their causes and the accepted practices to eliminate them.Fil: Rivera, Selva S.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida Por Computadora; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Mc Leod, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida Por Computadora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Calvo Olivares, Romina Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Capacitación Especial y Desarrollo de Ingeniería Asistida Por Computadora; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza; Argentin

New generation nuclear power plants design optimization : artificial intelligence

El presente proyecto es una continuación en la línea de I+D+i de herramientas para la optimización durante la etapa de diseño conceptual de centrales nucleoeléctricas de Nueva Generación. En el proyecto precedente se completó el desarrollo e integración de modelos estadístico-matemáticos de error humano, que permitieron la optimización global de todos los programas de mantenimiento, prueba y operación de una Central Nuclear de Generación Eléctrica en la etapa de producción. El problema que se encara surge como una necesidad frente a los nuevos requerimientos de diseños novedosos debido al accidente de las instalaciones nucleares en Fukushima en Japón. Este accidente reveló una serie de errores de diseño que arrancan en la etapa conceptual y que requieren una visión que integre las necesidades de producción con las de regulación basada en riesgos. Así en el presente proyecto se abordarán los problemas de optimización de diseño conceptual de las instalaciones nucleoeléctricas de nueva generación incorporando Inteligencia Artificial. Para ello se utilizará el diseño de la nueva central de generación nucleoeléctrica que se está desarrollando en conjunto entre investigadores de la Facultad de Ingeniería, el Instituto Balseiro y CONICET. El proyecto abordará los problemas relacionados en particular con la necesidad de dotar al algoritmo desarrollado previamente de capacidad de explorar el espacio de búsqueda y de explotar las soluciones que se vayan alcanzando de manera inteligente. Este enfoque permitiría lograr que el algoritmo explore adecuadamente el espacio de búsqueda sin tener que realizarlo en forma exhaustiva como lo hace actualmente y a la vez que explote las soluciones que se vayan alcanzando pudiendo hacer más hincapié en las que presenten mejores perspectivas de mejora con mínimas modificaciones. El problema abordado es de una complejidad computacional del tipo NP-Hard, donde adicionalmente la necesidad de incorporación de inteligencia artificial requerirá el desarrollo de marcos conceptuales novedosos. Se puede destacar que el proyecto finalmente aportará una herramienta y los marcos conceptuales para la optimización del diseño de estas nuevas generaciones de instalaciones nucleoeléctricas. Asimismo los resultados significarán un aporte innovador a nivel internacional en una línea de investigación que es reconocida internacionalmente en diversas presentaciones y publicaciones indexadas con referato de los integrantes del proyecto.This project is a continuation in the R & D & I line of tools for optimization during the conceptual design stage of new generation nuclear power plants. In the previous project, the development and integration of statistical-mathematical human error models was completed, which allowed the global optimization of all the maintenance, testing and operation programs of a Nuclear Power Generation Plant in the production stage. The problem that is faced arises as a necessity in the face of the new requirements of novel designs due to the accident of the nuclear facilities in Fukushima in Japan. This accident revealed a series of design errors that start at the conceptual stage and require a vision that integrates production needs with those of risk-based regulation. Thus, in the present project the problems of optimization of the conceptual design of new generation nuclear power plants incorporating Artificial Intelligence will be addressed. To this end, the design of the new nuclear power plant that is being developed jointly by researchers from the Faculty of Engineering, the Balseiro Institute and CONICET will be used. The project will address the problems related in particular with the need to equip the previously developed algorithm with the ability to explore the search space and to exploit the solutions that are being reached intelligently. This approach would allow the algorithm to explore the search space adequately without having to do it in an exhaustive way as it currently does and at the same time exploit the solutions that are being achieved, being able to place more emphasis on those that present better perspectives for improvement with minimal modifications . The problem addressed is a computational complexity of the NP¬Hard type, where additionally the need to incorporate artificial intelligence will require the development of novel conceptual frameworks. It can be highlighted that the project will finally provide a tool and conceptual frameworks for optimizing the design of these new generations of nuclear power plants. Likewise, the results will mean an innovative contribution at an international level in a line of research that is internationally recognized in diverse presentations and publications indexed by referees of the project's members

La transformación de un territorio cultural. El desarrollo de los pueblos mágicos en México: Pátzcuaro como caso de estudio / The transformation of a cultural territory. The development of “pueblos magicos” in Mexico: Pátzcuaro as a case study

In 2001, the Mexican Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR) approved the “Pueblos Magicos” program, as a strategy to diversify tourism within the country, looking to promote small towns interested in adopting and developing tourism as part of a promotion of local development. The towns interested in applying had to have heritage assets, be these historical, cultural or natural. After 17 years of operation of the Pueblos Mágicos program, this work analyzes their development and evolution on three scales: first, the way the program has spread geographically throughout the country. Following on from this, the State of Michoacán is analyzed, since it has 8 “Pueblos Magicos” (PM), where Pátzcuaro, one of these, is chosen as a representative case study, in order to identify whether the urban improvements seen in the municipality come from this being a “Pueblo Magico”. The results show that the program has included 121 towns located in 31 states, focusing mainly on a central strip of the country, showing a mismatch between the original goals of the program and its current situation. Using the increased tourist activity in Patzcuaro, the authors identify that urban improvement actions and plans focus their work on the Historical Monuments Zone (HMZ), and around the lake. The attention given by the city and its efforts to maintain an urban image in the HMZ, along with a tourist approach, may result in a lack of attention paid to infrastructure deficiencies that have appeared and not been resolved in neighborhoods and districts within the municipality.  En el año 2001, la Secretaría de Turismo de México (SECTUR) aprueba el programa “Pueblos Mágicos”, como una estrategia para diversificar el turismo al interior del país, a fin de promover e impulsar poblaciones interesadas en adoptar y desarrollar el turismo como parte de un plan de fomento al desarrollo local. Para postular se debía contar con recursos patrimoniales, tanto naturales como históricos o culturales. Tras 17 años de funcionamiento del citado programa, en este trabajo se analiza a tres escalas derivadas de su desarrollo y evolución: primeramente, la forma en la que se ha distribuido geográficamente a lo largo del territorio nacional; luego, el Estado de Michoacán (por contar, a nivel nacional, con 8 Pueblos Mágicos); y, finalmente, la ciudad de Pátzcuaro, escogida como caso de estudio representativo, cuyo objetivo es el de identificar si las mejoras urbanas que se reflejan en el municipio se desprenden de su condición de Pueblo Mágico. Los resultados muestran que el programa ha incorporado 121 poblaciones localizadas en 31 Estados de la República, las cuales se condensan mayormente en la franja central del territorio nacional, lo que muestra una discordancia entre los objetivos originales del programa y su situación actual. A partir de la inmersión turística en Pátzcuaro, las autoras identifican los planes y acciones de mejora urbana que concentran su ejecución en la Zona de Monumentos Históricos (ZMH) y en los alrededores del lago. Centrar los esfuerzos municipales en la mantención de una imagen urbana en la ZMH y un enfoque turístico, puede conllevar a que las carencias de infraestructura que se presentan en barrios y colonias dentro del propio municipio no puedan ser subsanadas. &nbsp

Heavy quark density in N=4 SYM: from hedgehog to Lifshitz spacetimes

We study the effect of an order N^2 density of heavy quarks in strongly coupled N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills theory in the large N limit. This is achieved in the type IIB supergravity dual by introducing a uniformly smeared density of macroscopic string sources stretching to the boundary of AdS_5 x S^5. The backreacted system exhibits a flow from an AdS_5 "hedgehog" geometry to a scaling Lifshitz-like solution Lif_5 x S^5 with dynamical critical exponent z=7, wherein the scaling symmetry is broken by a logarithmic running dilaton. We find an exact black brane solution within the scaling regime which describes the low temperature thermodynamics of the system.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, references adde

Parenteral provision of micronutrients to pediatric patients: an international expert consensus paper

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1990INTRODUCTION:Micronutrients (vitamins and trace elements) are essential to all nutrition. For children and neonates who are dependent upon nutrition support therapies for growth and development, the prescribed regimen must supply all essential components. This paper aims to facilitate interpretation of existing clinical guidelines into practical approaches for the provision of micronutrients in pediatric parenteral nutrition. METHODS:An international, interdisciplinary expert panel was convened to review recent evidence-based guidelines and published literature to develop consensus- based recommendation on practical micronutrient provision in pediatric parenteral nutrition. RESULTS:The guidelines and evidence have been interpreted as answers to 10 commonly asked questions around the practical principles for provision and monitoring of micronutrients in pediatric patients CONCLUSION: Micronutrients are an essential part of all parenteral nutrition and should be included in the pediatric nutrition therapy care plan.Published versio