Modelling of wastewater ozonation - determination of reaction kinetic constants and effect of temperature

The direct ozonation is more and more used for waste water treatment. In this study the effect of temperature on the direct ozonation of a wastewater is studied. At constant pH and dissolved organic carbon concentration, the time-dependence of ozone concentration is measured in the function of different temperatures. Continuous experiments are carried out at two temperatures (8 and 17° C), batch experiments are carried out at three temperatures (8, 18 and 27° C). It is shown that with increasing temperature the ozone depletion is faster in both cases. In case of batch experiments the temperature dependence of the reaction kinetic constant is measured. It is found that if the temperature is increased by 10° C doubles the value of the reaction kinetic constant

Identifizierung und funktionelle Charakterisierung von Dynamin B aus Dictyostelium discoideum

Dynamine sind große GTPasen, die in der Zelle an wichtigen Prozessen wie der Endocytose, dem Vesikeltransport, der Morphologieerhaltung und Verteilung von Mitochondrien u.v.m. beteiligt sind. Welche Rolle die Dynamine hierbei im Detail spielen, ist jedoch noch ungeklärt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein neues Mitglied der Dynaminfamilie aus dem Modellorganismus Dictyostelium discoideum identifiziert und charakterisiert. Dynamin B hat eine berechnete Molekularmasse von 105 kDa. Es besitzt eine für Dynamine typische Domänenstruktur mit einer ca. 300 Aminosäuren umfassenden GTPase-Domäne und einem weniger gut konservierten carboxyterminalen Bereich von ca. 500 Aminosäuren. Zusätzlich besitzt es eine Extension von 136 Aminosäuren am Aminoterminus. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Extension ein mitochondriales Signalpeptid darstellt. Zum einen wird die Extension an einer vorhergesagten Schnittstelle (R-2-Motiv) posttranslational abgespalten. Zum anderen ist sie für die Lokalisation des Proteins an den Mitochondrien notwendig: Dynamin B, das am Carboxyterminus mit YFP markiert wurde, kolokalisiert in hohem Maß mit den Mitochondrien, im Gegensatz zu Dynamin B-YFP, dem die Extension fehlt. Die Immun-Elektronenmikroskopie ergab darüber hinaus, daß das Protein mit der äußeren Mitochondrienmembran assoziiert ist und außerdem mit der Plasmamembran. Durch gezielte Geninaktivierung wurden Dictyostelium-Zellen hergestellt, die Dynamin B nicht mehr produzieren. Die Dynamin B-Nullzellen sind bezüglich Zellmorphologie, Wachstum, Entwicklung, Endocytose, Funktion und Morphologie der Mitochondrien nicht von den Wildtypzellen zu unterscheiden. Sie zeigen jedoch eine dreifach erhöhte Adhäsion gegenüber Oberflächen und anderen Zellen. Möglicherweise wird Dynamin B in die Mitochondrienmatrix importiert, dort prozessiert und anschließend wieder exportiert um zum eigentlichen Wirkort (Plasmamembran, äußere Mitochondrienmembran) zu gelangen

Модернизация системы автоматизированного управления камер пропаривания железобетонных изделий на заводе ЗКПД ТДСК

Дипломная работа содержит 78 стр., 11 рис., 6 табл., 15 источников литературы. Ключевые слова: автоматизированная система, функциональная схема автоматизации, структурная схема, принципиальная схема, схема соединений внешних проводок, проектирование, технологический процесс, регулирование, управление, надежность. Объектом исследования является пропарочная камера на бетонном заводе. Цель работы – Модернизация системы автоматизированного управления камер пропаривания железобетонных изделий на заводе ЗКПД ТДСК. Работа представляет собой проект по реконструкции, модернизации системы управления пропаривания ЖБИ изделий и выполняется согласно с нормами и правилами установленными управленческим персоналом: – техническим требования на автоматизацию; – проектной документации на существующие решения по автоматизации; – нормативно-правовой базе для выполнения проектов автоматизации технологических процессов в Российской Федерации. При выполнении работы использовались программные продукты, такие как: – Microsoft Office 2013; – Autodesk AutoCAD 2015; – Mathcad. Данная дипломная работа выполнена программе Microsoft Word 2013 и представлена на CD (в конверте на обороте обложки).не

Ceramic/metal nanocomposites by lyophilization: Processing and HRTEM study

5 páginas, 8 figuras, 1 tabla.-- El pdf del artículo es el manuscrito de autor.This work describes a wet-processing route based on spray-freezing and subsequent lyophilization designed to obtain nanostructured ceramic/metal powders. Starting from the ceramic powder and the corresponding metal salt, a water-based suspension is sprayed on liquid nitrogen. The frozen powders are subsequently freeze-dried, calcined and reduced. The material was analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis at all stages. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies showed a uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles on the ceramic grain surfaces, good interfaces and high crystallinity, with an average metal particle size in the nanometric range.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) under the project MAT2009-14542-C02 and the Government of the Principality of Asturias through PCTI and ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) 2007-2013 under project PC10-65. C.F. Gutierrez- Gonzalez acknowledges CSIC and ESF for the concession of a JAE-Doc 2009 grant. S. Agouram thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and European Social Fund for financial support.Peer reviewe

New charge tranfer salts containing BEDT-TTF and structurally related transition metal complexes

The two-dimensional behaviour of BEDT-TTF salts is normally explained with the typical geometry of this donor and its arrangement in the crystal lattice. In order to extend the range of physical properties produced by BEDT-TIF like compounds, we synthesized sulfur containing transition metal complexes with a molecular structure very similar to BEDT-TTF. The bis(5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolate)metallates of the nickel triad can be prepared in different oxidation states as anions and in a fully oxidized neutral form

Electrochemically generated peryleniumyl-hexafluorophosphate and hexafluoroarsenate : new one-dimensional metals

Compounds of stoichiometry (pe)2(PF6)1.1x times 0.8CH2Cl2(1) (pe = perylene), (pe)2(AsF6)1.1 timesx 0.7 CH2Cl2 (2), (pe)2(PF6)1.4 times 0.6 THF (3), (pe)2(AsF6)1.5x times 0.5 THF (4) and (pe)3(SbF6)2 times 0.75 CH2Cl2 (5) have been obtained as crystalline samples by electrochemical deposition from CH2Cl2 [(1), (2) and (5)] or from THF [(3) and (4)] solutions of perylene, containing the appropriate counterion. The three compounds (1)-(3) crystallize in isomorphous orthorhombic lattices. (1) forms black needles: space group Pnmn with a = 4.285 Aring, b = 12.915 Aring and c = 14.033 Aring, z = 1. (2) gives black needles, orthorhombic space group Pnmn with a = 4.294 Aring, b = 13.077 Aring, and c = 14.132 Aring, z = 1. The structures of (1) and (2) were solved by direct methods and refined by least squares to final R = 0.148 and R = 0.088 based on 476 and 322 observed reflections. The perylene forms segregated stacks in direction of the a-axis with interplanar distances of 3.40 Aring and an angle of 37.7° between the bc-plane and the perylene. The channels between the segregated stacks are filled by anions and solvent molecules. The d.c. conductivities (four probe measurements) of (1)-(4) fall in the range of 70-1200Ω-1. cm-1 at room temperature. The conductivities show a metallic regime down to about 200°K and drop off below that temperature

Реалізація цифрової системи автоматичного керування безперервним об'єктом, на основі фізичної моделі теплового об'єкта з використанням scada системи ZENON

У статті наведена методика поетапної реалізації системи цифрового керування безперервним об'єктом, реалізованої на персональному комп'ютері, що дозволила максимально наблизити модель до реальної системи керування й виконати ефективне тестування її функціонування в невиробничих умовах

TCNQ salts of planar metal complex cations: novel molecular conductors and semiconductors

The facile variation of positive charge of oxamide oxime metal complexes, caused by acid-base equilibrium, allows the growth of single crystals of their TCNQ salts. 1:1 salts consist of reqular segregated stacks of the components, with metallic room temperature behaviour of the Ni compound, the Pt compound being a semiconductor. Room temperature conductivities are of the order of 10 Siemens per cm. A 2:3 Pt complex TCNQ salt contains segregated acceptor stacks with half a negative charge per molecule. These stacks run perpendicular to mixed stacks -D-D-A-D-D-A-, with integral charges on donors D and acceptors A

A novel molecular metal: (oxamide oximato)(oxamide oxime)nickel(II) tetracyanoquinodimethanide, [Ni(oaoH)(oaoH2)]tcnq, and physical properties of its semiconducting Pt analogue

(C4H11N8NiO4)+(C12H4N4)-, Mr = 498.09 is triclinic, p1, a -=3.7718(6), b = 7.436(2), c =17.511(4) A, a=88.67(2), β=86.93(2), γ=85.05(2), γ= 488.51 A 3, Z = 1, d c=1.69 gcm -3, final R w= 0.035 for 1454 observed independent reflections. The crystals consist of segregated regular parallel stacks of planar metal complex cations and tcnq - counterions with intermolecular H bonds stabilizing the structure. The compound is metallic at room temperature. A metal to semiconductor transition around 230 K shows up in thermopower data, in the microwave conductivity and epr around 170 K. It is not visible in the static magnetic susceptibility