Az emlőrák patológiai diagnosztikája, feldolgozása és kórszövettani leletezése. Szakmai útmutatás a III. Emlőrák Konszenzus Konferencia alapján

There have been relevant changes in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer to implement the updating of the 2010 recommendations made during the 2nd national consensus conference on the disease. Following a wide interdisciplinary consultation, the present recommendations have been finalized after their public discussion at the 3rd Hungarian Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer. The recommendations cover non-operative and intraoperative diagnostics, the work-up of operative specimens, the determination of prognostic and predictive markers and the content of the cytology and histology reports. Furthermore, it touches some special issues such as the current status of multigene molecular markers, the role of pathologists in clinical trials and prerequisites for their involvement, some relevant points about the future

In vitro conservation of gametes: the way forward to conserve the genetic resources of autochthonous sheep breeds

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) significantly improved livestock productivity and reproductive performance and enabled elite parents to produce thousands of offspring globally. However, indiscriminate use ARTs, lack of information and materials on autochthonous sheep breeds (ASB) resulted in a loss of their genetic resources (GnR), thus shooting up the number of atrisk and extinct ASB globally. This problem is more in Europe and the Caucasus region, Africa, and Asia, according to the FAO 2005, 2017, and Sustainable Development Goals, 2022 reports. Considering the current economic challenges, in vivo gene conservation (INGC) is expensive and less sustainable. Therefore, an in vitro gene conservation (IVGC) can supplement the INGC for better efficiency and sustainability. The current review explored the pros and cons of ARTs on ASB’s GnR, the need to conserve their GnR through IVGC, and the prospects of the IVGC on ASB’s GnR conservation. Interestingly, Vitrification with reduced volume (e.g., cryotop) is the leading technique in oocyte cryopreservation, as it results in lower cryoprotectants toxicity, better oocyte viability, and pregnancy rates aside from being cheap and field-friendly than the other vitrification techniques. With oocyte and spermatozoa cryopreservation from the same breed, an extinct breed of interest can be regenerated in a single generation. However, oocyte cryopreservation holds a considerable prospect in IVGC, but the technique in sheep still needs improvements

Preliminary results of the recombinase polymerase amplification technique for the detection of Haemonchus contortus from Hungarian field samples

Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of small ruminants responsible for significant economic losses and animal health concerns globally. Detection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in veterinary practice typically relies on microscopy-based methods such as the faecal egg count and morphological identification of larval culture. However, mixed co-infections are common and species-specific identification is typically time-consuming and expertise-intensive. Compounded by increasing anthelmintic resistance, there is an urgent need to implement the molecular diagnosis of GIN in the livestock industry, preferably in field settings. Advances in isothermal amplification techniques including recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays could improve this. Yet, constraints in RPA kit availability and amplicon detection systems limit the use of this technology in point of care settings. In this study, we present an early-stage, proof-of-concept demonstration of RPA targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region of H. contortus. Having tested against eight closely related nematodes and also against five farm isolates in Eastern Hungary, preliminary results derived from a comparative analysis of 3 primer sets showed the assay detects H. contortus DNA and has a limit of detection of 10 ng/μl. We also tested an end-result naked eye detection system using various DNA binding dyes, of which EvaGreen® dye was successful for a qualitative RPA detection that could be adaptable at farm sites. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.