Calcium isotopic composition of high-latitude proxy carrier Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.)

International audienceThe accurate reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) history in climate-sensitive regions (e.g. tropical and polar oceans) became a challenging task in palaeoceanographic research. However, biogenic shell carbonate SST proxies successfully developed for tropical regions often fail in cool water environments. Their major regional shortcomings and the cryptic diversity now found within the major high latitude proxy carrier Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.) highlight an urgent need to develop complementary SST proxies for these cool water regions. Here we incorporate the genetic component into a calibration study of a new SST proxy for the high latitudes. We found that the calcium isotopic composition (?44/40Ca) of calcite from genotyped net catches and core-top samples of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin) is strongly related to temperature and unaffected by genetic variations. The temperature sensitivity has been found to be 0.17 (±0.04)? per 1°C highlighting its potential for downcore applications in open marine cool-water environments. Our results further indicate that however in extreme polar environments, below a critical threshold temperature of 2.0 (±0.5)°C and salinity of 33.0 (±0.5)? a prominent shift in biomineralization affect the Ca isotope composition of N. pachyderma (sin.) becoming insensitive to temperature. These findings highlight the need of systematic calibration studies to unravel the influencing factors on Ca isotope fractionation and to validate the proxies' applicability

Determination of molybdenum isotope fractionation by double-spike multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

18961896-1896.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RhoneAlp

Rise to modern levels of ocean oxygenation coincided with the Cambrian radiation of animals.

The early diversification of animals (∼630 Ma), and their development into both motile and macroscopic forms (∼575-565 Ma), has been linked to stepwise increases in the oxygenation of Earth's surface environment. However, establishing such a linkage between oxygen and evolution for the later Cambrian 'explosion' (540-520 Ma) of new, energy-sapping body plans and behaviours has proved more elusive. Here we present new molybdenum isotope data, which demonstrate that the areal extent of oxygenated bottom waters increased in step with the early Cambrian bioradiation of animals and eukaryotic phytoplankton. Modern-like oxygen levels characterized the ocean at ∼521 Ma for the first time in Earth history. This marks the first establishment of a key environmental factor in modern-like ecosystems, where animals benefit from, and also contribute to, the 'homeostasis' of marine redox conditions