Kinetic of water diffusion and color stability of a resin composite as a function of the curing tip distance

The influence of curing tip distance and storage time in the kinetics of water diffusion (water sorption-W SP, solubility-W SB, and net water uptake) and color stability of a composite were evaluated. Composite samples were polymerized at different distances (5, 10, and 15 mm) and compared to a control group (0 mm). After desiccation, the specimens were stored in distilled water to evaluate the water diffusion over a 120-day period. Net water uptake was calculated (sum of WSP and WSB). The color stability after immersion in a grape juice was compared to distilled water. Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (&#945; = 5%). The higher distances caused higher net water uptake (p < 0.05). The immersion in the juice caused significantly higher color change as a function of curing tip distance and the time (p < 0.05). The distance of photoactivation and storage time provide the color alteration and increased net water uptake of the resin composite tested

Enamel remineralization and surface roughness after treatment with herbal-containing toothpastes

Oral care products containing bioactive agents obtained from extracts of plant drugs were launched. This in vitro study investigated the effects of herbal-containing toothpastes associated or not with fluoride to remineralize the enamel after cariogenic

Marginal leakage in class V resin composite restorations: influence of the liner and the curing technique

Avaliou-se a infiltração marginal em cavidades classe V restauradas com resina composta, utilizando-se diferentes bases de cimentos de ionômero de vidro e diferentes técnicas de fotoativação. As cavidades foram confeccionadas na face vestibular da raiz de 120 dentes bovinos, apresentando 4mm de altura, 3mm de largura e 1,5mm de profundidade. Os dentes foram divididos em 12 grupos, de acordo com o tipo de base (cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina ou convencional) e com a técnica de fotoativação (convencional, rampa, pulso e alta intensidade). Grupos 1, 4, 7 e 10- Single Bond + Z100; grupos 2, 5, 8 e 11- CIVMR (Vitrebond) + Single Bond + Z100; grupos 3, 6, 9 e 12- CIV convencional (Ketac Bond) + Single Bond + Z100. Os grupos 1, 2 e 3 foram fotoativados pela técnica convencional e os demais grupos pelas técnicas em rampa (4, 5 e 6), por pulso (7, 8, 9) e alta intensidade (10, 11, 12). A base de cimento de ionômero de vidro apresentou-se com 0,5mm de espessura e a resina composta foi inserida em um único incremento. As técnicas de fotoativação, com diferentes intensidades de luz, foram empregadas da seguinte forma: 450mW/cm2 por 40s (convencional), 100 a 800mW/cm2 por 15s + 800mW/cm2 por 25s (rampa); 200mW/cm2 por 3s + 3 minutos espera + 30s a 600mW/cm2 (pulso); 1600mW/cm2 por 3s (alta intensidade). Após o acabamento e polimento das restaurações, os espécimes foram submetidos à termociclagem (500 ciclos a 5oC e 55oC, 60s em cada banho) e imersos em fucsina básica a 0,5% por 4h. As restaurações foram seccionadas e, após a seleção do corte de maior infiltração, as imagens foram digitalizadas para a avaliação da penetração do corante, em milímetros, através do programa de computação Image Tool. A análise estatística, realizada pela ANOVA a dois critérios e pelo teste de Tukey, não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativamente entre as técnicas de fotoativação convencional e graduais (rampa e pulso). A técnica de alta intensidade revelou maior infiltração marginal, quando comparada às técnicas convencional, rampa e pulso. Não foi observada diferença significante entre as duas bases de cimento de ionômero de vidro utilizadas, porém, na sua ausência, observaram-se índices significativamente maiores de infiltração. Concluiu-se que as técnicas de fotoativação gradual (rampa e pulso) não foram capazes de minimizar a infiltração marginal, quando comparadas à técnica convencional. A utilização de uma base de cimento de ionômero de vidro sob a resina composta minimiza a infiltração marginal, enquanto que o emprego da técnica de fotoativação com alta intensidade de luz proporciona uma maior infiltração, não contribuindo para uma adequada integridade marginal em restaurações classe V de resina composta, com margens localizadas em dentina.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different glass ionomer cement liners and curing techniques on the microleakage of resin composite restorations. Class V root cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of 120 bovine incisors. The specimens were divided into twelve groups of ten each, according to the liner and to the curing technique employed. Group 1- Single Bond + Z100; group 2- RMGIC (Vitrebond) + Single Bond + Z100; group 3- conventional GIC (Ketac Bond) + Single Bond + Z100, which were light cured by conventional technique; the other groups were restored similar to groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; although, they were light cured by ramp technique (groups 4, 5, 6); pulse technique (groups 7, 8, 9) and high intensity (10, 11, 12). The thickness of the liner was 0.5mm and the resin composite was inserted in one increment. The four curing techniques were applied with different light intensities as follows: 450mW/cm2/ 40s (conventional), 100 - 800mW/cm2 /15s + 800mW/cm2/ 25s (ramp); 200mW/cm2/ 3s + 3 minutes delay + 600mW/cm2/ 30s (pulse); 1600mW/cm2/ 3s (high intensity). After 7 days, the teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles at 5oC - 55oC with a dwell time of 60 seconds) and immersed in aqueous solution of 0.5% basic fuchsin for 4h. Then, they were sectioned and the dye penetration was measured in millimeters by means of a computer program (Image Tool). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. There were no significant differences among conventional, ramp and pulse techniques. The high intensity technique showed significant dye penetration when compared with others curing techniques. There were no significant differences in marginal leakage between the liners (conventional GIC and resin modified GIC), but the microleakage was significantly higher in the groups restored with no liner. No relationship between filling techniques and light curing methods was observed. It can be concluded that sandwich restorations were efficient in microleakage prevention, while the high intensity curing technique may lead to the highest dye penetration values in dentin cavities restored with resin composites

Influence of light curing tip distance on microhardness, water sorption, solubility and color stability of a microhybrid resin composite

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da distância de fotoativação na microdureza Knoop, na sorção, na solubilidade e na estabilidade de cor de uma resina composta microhíbrida (Filtek Z250 3M ESPE). Os corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados em uma matriz de teflon (6,0mm x 2,5mm espessura) e fotoativados por 20s variando-se a distância entre a ponta do aparelho fotoativador e a superfície da resina composta: G1- 0mm (controle), G2- 5mm, G3- 10mm, G4- 15mm. Em seguida, os espécimes foram armazenados secos em recipientes escuros por 24h. O teste de microdureza Knoop (100g por 15s) foi realizado nas superfícies topo e base dos espécimes após 24h, 6 meses e 1 ano. Para o teste de sorção e solubilidade, os espécimes foram colocados no dessecador para obtenção da massa inicial, armazenados em água até uma massa constante e novamente submetidos ao processo de dessecamento até a obtenção de uma massa constante. Para o teste de estabilidade de cor, após a medida de cor inicial realizada com um espectrofotômetro, os espécimes foram diariamente submetidos a dois ciclos de 10 minutos de imersão no suco de uva, permanecendo o restante do tempo em água. Os espécimes do grupo controle ficaram imersos em água ao longo de todo o período experimental (28 dias). A cor foi mensurada semanalmente. Os dados de microdureza e estabilidade de cor foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA a 3 critérios/ Tukey e os de sorção e solubilidade a ANOVA um critério/ Tukey (=0,05). Após 24h, o G4 apresentou valores significativamente menores de dureza comparados ao G1 na superfície topo, enquanto que na base, a dureza do G2, G3 e G4 foi estatisticamente menor que G1. Ambas as superfícies avaliadas mostraram redução nos valores de microdureza após 6 meses e 1 ano. G3 e G4 apresentaram maior sorção de água e G4 maior solubilidade, comparado a G1. A estabilidade de cor do compósito foi influenciada pelo tempo, meio de imersão e pela distância de fotoativação. O suco de uva causou alteração estatisticamente significante na cor do compósito (E) em função do tempo de armazenamento e da distância de fotoativação (G4). Conclui-se que quanto maior a distância da fonte de luz, menores os valores de microdureza, maior a sorção e solubilidade e menor a estabilidade de cor do compósito avaliado.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of light curing tip distance on microhardness, sorption, solubility and color stability of a microhybrid resin composite (Filtek Z250-3M ESPE). Specimen discs (6mm x 2,5mm) were irradiated for 20s with a continuous output at 640mW/cm2, according to different curing tip distances: G1-0mm (control), G2-5mm, G3-10mm and G4-15mm. Specimens were stored dry in a lightproof container for 24h. Knoop hardness measurements were obtained on the top and bottom surfaces of the samples (100g, 15s) after 24h, 6 and 12 months. To evaluate sorption and solubility, specimens were desiccated to be weighed and then stored in distilled water until a constant mass was obtained. The reconditioning in the desiccators was also done until a constant mass. To evaluate de color stability of the resin composite, the first color measurements were made and then specimens were immersed in a grape juice twice a day for 10 minutes, during 28 days. Control groups were immersed in distilled water for the same period of time. Color measurements were made weekly using a spectrophotometer. Data from microhardness/ color stability and from water sorption/ solubility were submitted to three-way ANOVA/Tukey and one-way ANOVA /Tukey tests, respectively (p<0,05). For top and bottom surfaces, there were statistical differences among the curing tip distances after 24h. Although, the microhardness values were lower for both surfaces after 6 and 12 months. G3 and G4 showed significant higher water sorption and G4 higher solubility when compared to G1. Grape juice showed significant color change of the resin composite as a function of time and curing tip distance (G4). It may be concluded that the distance between light curing tip and resin composite surface decreases microhardness and color stability, and increases sorption and solubility of the evaluated resin composite

Prevalence of enamel defects in permanent teeth of patients with complete cleft lip and palate

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, types, location, and characteristics of enamel defects in anterior permanent teeth of patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, as well as the relation with the cleft. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Eighty patients of both genders, 12 years and older, with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods: A single examiner carried out clinical examination under artificial light with a dental probe and mirror after drying teeth according to the modified DDE index. Results: Seventy-four of 80 patients presented with at least one tooth affected by enamel defects: 165 of 325 evaluated teeth (50.8%) presented enamel defects, with hypoplasia being the most prevalent (50.7%), followed by diffuse opacity (23.1%) and demarcated opacity (18.4%). The most affected tooth was 21 (36.5%), followed by 11 (34%), located at the middle (40%) and incisal (33%) thirds. Most defects occur at the buccal surface (47.7%), followed by the distal (22.7%), the mesial (19%), and the palatal (10.6%) surfaces. A significant relationship was found between the cleft side and enamel defects. Conclusion: Upper anterior teeth of patients with complete cleft lip and palate present a high prevalence of enamel defects; the highest percentage on the cleft side suggests that the cleft does influence the occurrence of enamel defects in permanent teeth