Antinociceptive and Toxicological Effects of Dioclea grandiflora Seed Pod in Mice

The acute treatment of mice with an ethanolic extract from the seed pod of Dioclea grandiflora (EDgP) at doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg by intraperitoneal administration produced a significant antinociceptive effect as displayed by the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the formalin test. The antinociception was observed through the first (neurogenic pain) and second (inflammatory pain) phases in the formalin test. The hot plate test did not show an increase in the antinociceptive latency whereas the motor performance was affected by the administration at 300 mg/kg at the beginning (30 minutes) of the observation period but not at later periods (60 and 120 minutes). These results suggest that EDgP has a central antinociceptive action and a possible anti-inflammatory activity in mice

Ácido 3,4,5-Trimetoxicinâmico e seu Potencial Terapêutico: Uma Revisão / 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic Acid and Its Therapeutic Potential: A Review

As plantas medicinais tem se constituído como uma das principais fontes na obtenção de novos fármacos e no desenvolvimento de medicamentos. A fitoterapia é praticada na Medicina Tradicional Chinesa há séculos e plantas como a Polygala tenuifolia Wild são amplamente usadas no tratamento da insônia, ansiedade, inquietação e desorientação. Um dos principais metabólitos ativos presentes em raízes desta planta é o ácido 3,4,5 trimetoxicinâmico (TMCA). Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi buscar na literatura científica os principais métodos desenvolvidos para identificação e quantificação do TMCA em misturas, o perfil farmacocinético, a biodisponibilidade e as atividades farmacológicas do TMCA. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada, na qual buscou-se artigos científicos indexados no ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, utilizando os seguintes descritores: 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid; TMCA e activity. Foram selecionados 11 artigos que descreviam as metodologias viáveis para identificação e quantificação do TMCA em amostras biológicas, o seu perfil farmacocinético e a sua biodisponibilidade quando administrados pela via oral em ratos, bem como suas atividades farmacológicas, tais como sedativo, ansiolítico, antidepressivo, anti-estressor e modulador do sistema GABAérgico. Em conclusão, os dados indicam que o TMCA é um composto que apresenta importantes atividades farmacológicas. Contudo, são poucos os estudos não clínicos e não há registro de estudos clínicos sobre os possíveis efeitos terapêuticos do TMCA

Anxiolytic and antinociceptive-like effects of cinnamic alcohol by possible GABAergic pathway modulation: In vivo and in silico studies / Efeitos ansiolítico e antinociceptivo do álcool cinâmico por possível modulação da via GABAérgica: Estudos in vivo e in sílico

Introduction: Cinnamic alcohol (CA) is a phenylpropanoid found in the bark of Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (cinnamon) an ancient spice. Our main objective was to evaluate the central effects of CA in anxiety and pain models using in vivo and in silico studies. Methods: initially, Swiss male mice (Mus musculus) were treated intraperitoneally with CA at 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, and underwent rota rod, elevated plus-maze, and formalin induced nociception tests. Results: in the rota rod test, there was no change in the performance of the animals treated with CA (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg), not indicating a myo-relaxant or sedative effect. In the elevated plus-maze test, CA (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg), an increased the number of entries and the length of stay of the animals in the open arms was observed. In the formalin test, the CA-treated animals (6.25, 12.5, 25 mg/kg) presented reduced paw licking behavior in the first and second phase of the test. Finally, the in silico studies (docking and molecular dynamics) indicated a positive interaction between CA and the GABAA receptor. Limitations: This is a non-clinical study, so all data are preliminary. Conclusions: thus, the results suggest that CA has anxiolytic and antinociceptive-like effects in mice, probably due to GABAergic system modulation.

Efecto analgésico del extracto hidroalcoholico de las hojas de Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl

Existen varios estudios que evidencian que la Cissampelos sympodialis posee atividad anti-inflamatoria, antialérgica, antidepresiva y de baja toxicidad. Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la administración intraperitoneal, del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de cissampelos sympodialis (EHACS), en las dosis de 50, 100 y 200 mg/Kg, en modelos de analgesia en camumdongos. En el modelo de las contracciones inducidas por el ácido acético (0,85%) fue encontrada una reducción en el número de contracciones proporcional a las dosis usadas (p<0,05). En el test de la reacción al formaldeído las dosis utilizadas no presentaron efecto significante en la primera fase del test (0-5 minutos). Sin embargo, la dosis de 200mg/Kg presentó una significante inhibición en la segunda fase (15 – 30 minutos) del test (p<0,05). Los resultados mostraron que el EHACS presentó una actividad antinociceptiva periférica probablemente relacionada con la alegada actividad anti-inflamatoria

Warifteine therapeutic treatment reduced leukocyte recruitment and anxiety-like response in ovalbumin-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation / Tratamento terapêutico com warifteína reduz recrutamento de leucócitos e resposta semelhante á ansiedade na inflamação pulmonar alérgica induzida por ovalbumina

Pulmonary inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, which is characterized by lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, tissue remodeling, recruitment of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of eosinophils, in addition to behavioral disorders such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the alkaloid warifteine, from the medicinal plant Cissampelos sympodialis, on anxiety-like behavior, respiratory frequency and leukocyte recruitment in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Swiss female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) throughout the experimental protocol. The animals were treated orally with warifteine (2 mg / kg), subcutaneously with dexamethasone (2 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally with diazepam (1 mg / kg), 1 h after the OVA-challenges. On the last day of the antigenic challenge, the mice were tested for behavior using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and for respiratory rate using full body plethysmography. The following day, the mice were euthanized to collect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and leukocyte count. The data obtained showed that OVA-sensitization induced a behavior similar to anxiety in mice since the EPM test showed that the OVA group increased the number of entries and the time spent in the closed arms (CA) of the apparatus and reduced these parameters in the open arms (OA) compared to the Salina group. Warifteine treatment reversed both parameters analyzed, increasing the time spent (p <0.0001) and number of entries (p <0.01) in OA, decreasing the time spent (p <0.01) and number of entries (p <0.0001) in the CA, similarly to dexamethasone and diazepam standard drugs. Warifteine also reduced the respiratory rate (p <0.01) compared to the OVA group. The behavioral and breathing changes of the tested animals showed a relationship with the increase in the total and differential inflammatory leukocyte number in the OVA group compared to the Saline group. Therapeutic treatment with warifteine decreased the inflammatory process, reducing the number of total cells (p <0.0001) dependent of eosinophils and neutrophils numbers (p <0.001), as well as the percentage of eosinophils (p <0.0001). These data show that therapeutic treatment with warifteine is able to inhibit anxiety-like behavior and respiratory rate, due to a mechanism related to the inhibition of eosinophilic migration in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation.Pulmonary inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, which is characterized by lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, tissue remodeling, recruitment of inflammatory cells, with a predominance of eosinophils, in addition to behavioral disorders such as anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the alkaloid warifteine, from the medicinal plant Cissampelos sympodialis, on anxiety-like behavior, respiratory frequency and leukocyte recruitment in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation. Swiss female mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) throughout the experimental protocol. The animals were treated orally with warifteine (2 mg / kg), subcutaneously with dexamethasone (2 mg / kg) or intraperitoneally with diazepam (1 mg / kg), 1 h after the OVA-challenges. On the last day of the antigenic challenge, the mice were tested for behavior using the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and for respiratory rate using full body plethysmography. The following day, the mice were euthanized to collect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and leukocyte count. The data obtained showed that OVA-sensitization induced a behavior similar to anxiety in mice since the EPM test showed that the OVA group increased the number of entries and the time spent in the closed arms (CA) of the apparatus and reduced these parameters in the open arms (OA) compared to the Salina group. Warifteine treatment reversed both parameters analyzed, increasing the time spent (p <0.0001) and number of entries (p <0.01) in OA, decreasing the time spent (p <0.01) and number of entries (p <0.0001) in the CA, similarly to dexamethasone and diazepam standard drugs. Warifteine also reduced the respiratory rate (p <0.01) compared to the OVA group. The behavioral and breathing changes of the tested animals showed a relationship with the increase in the total and differential inflammatory leukocyte number in the OVA group compared to the Saline group. Therapeutic treatment with warifteine decreased the inflammatory process, reducing the number of total cells (p <0.0001) dependent of eosinophils and neutrophils numbers (p <0.001), as well as the percentage of eosinophils (p <0.0001). These data show that therapeutic treatment with warifteine is able to inhibit anxiety-like behavior and respiratory rate, due to a mechanism related to the inhibition of eosinophilic migration in an experimental model of allergic pulmonary inflammation

Inquérito sorológico sôbre leptospiroses realizado no Vale do Cariri, Estado do Ceará, pela III Bandeira Científica do Centro Acadêmico Oswaldo Cruz da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

Agglutination-tests for leptospirosis were performed in 376 sera. The following sero-types of Leptospira were used: L. icterohemorrhagiae, L. canicola, L. grippo-typhosa, L. pomona, L. bataviae, L. australis B, L. sejroe, L. pyrogenes and L. suis. Six sera (1.59%) were positive for L. icterohemorrhagiae. From the whole group two people were born in this region, what makes possible the conclusion that the disease exists in the region.Com o propósito de estudar o problema das leptospiroses no Vale do Cariri, Ceará, foram examinados 376 soros colhidos entre moradores da região. Foram feitas provas de sôro-aglutinação usando-se os seguintes sôro-tipos de Leptospira: L. icterohemorrhagiae, L. canícola, L. grippo-typhosa, L. pomona, L. bataviae, L. australis B, L. sejroe, L. pyrogenes e L. suis. Seis soros reagiram positivamente frente à L. icterohemorrhagiae, o que dá percentual de 1,59%. Dois dos indivíduos haviam nascido e vivido no Vale, donde foi possível concluir que a leptospirose existe, autóctone, na região

Central effects of the constituents of Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth

La fracción conteniendo los alcaloides totales (FTA) obtenidos de Mimosa opthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth. en dosis de 50 y 100 mg/kg por vía intraperitoneal (v. ip.) y N, N- Dimetiltriptamina (DMT) en dosis de 32,64 y 128 mg/kg (v. ip.) produjo, en ratones, el "síndrome serotonérgico". En el caso de hordenina, el otro compuesto obtenido de M. Opthalmocentra, no mostró diferencias significativas en relación a los animales del grupo utilizado como control. En los ratones tratados con quetanserina (10 mg/kg) se observó un efecto inhibitorio del síndrome producído por medio del tratamiento con DMT y FTA. En conclusión, este efecto puede estar relacionado con la acción sobre los receptores 5 HT2 en cerebro de ratones.A fraction containing the total alkaloids (PTA) of the plant Mimosa opthahocentra Mart. ex Benth. 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. and N,N,- Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), one of the compounds isolated, at 32,64 and 128 mg/kg, ¡.p. produced the "5HT behavioral syndrome" in rats. Another substance isolated from the plant, hordenin, had no such effect. Pretreatment with ketanserin (10 mglkg) inhibited all the behavioral syndrome elicited by FTA (100 mgtkg) and DMT (64 mglkg) suggesting an action of the agents on 5HT2 receptors subtype in rat brain.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire