5 research outputs found
Low Grade Gliomas in Eloquent Locations â Implications for Surgical Strategy, Survival and Long Term Quality of Life
Background: Surgical management of suspected LGG remains controversial. A key factor when deciding a surgical strategy
is often the tumorsâ perceived relationship to eloquent brain regions
Objective: To study the association between tumor location, survival and long-term health related quality of life (HRQL) in
patients with supratentorial low-grade gliomas (LGG).
Methods: Adults ($18 years) operated due to newly diagnosed LGG from 1998 through 2009 included from two Norwegian
university hospitals. After review of initial histopathology, 153 adults with supratentorial WHO grade II LGG were included in
the study. Tumorsâ anatomical location and the relationship to eloquent regions were graded. Survival analysis was adjusted
for known prognostic factors and the initial surgical procedure (biopsy or resection). In long-term survivors, HRQL was
assessed with disease specific questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and BN20) as well as a generic questionnaire (EuroQol 5D).
Results: There was a significant association between eloquence and survival (log-rank, p,0.001). The estimated 5-year
survival was 77% in non-eloquent tumors, 71% in intermediate located tumors and 54% in eloquent tumors. In the adjusted
analysis the hazard ratio of increasing eloquence was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1â2.0, p = 0.022). There were no differences in HRQL
between patients with eloquent and non-eloquent tumors. The most frequent self-reported symptoms were related to
fatigue, cognition, and future uncertainty.
Conclusion: Eloquently located LGGs are associated with impaired survival compared to non-eloquently located LGG, but in
long-term survivors HRQL is similar. Although causal inference from observational data should be done with caution, the
findings illuminate the delicate balance in surgical decision making in LGGs, and add support to the probable survival
benefits of aggressive surgical strategies, perhaps also in eloquent locations
Is the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis?
Introduction According to the stem cell theory, two neurogenic niches in the adult human brain may harbor cells that initiate the formation of gliomas: The larger subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampus. We wanted to explore whether defining molecular markers in low-grade gliomas (LGG; WHO grade II) are related to distance to the neurogenic niches. Methods Patients treated at two Norwegian university hospitals with population-based referral were included. Eligible patients had histopathological verified supratentorial low-grade glioma. IDH mutational status and 1p19q co-deletion status was retrospectively assessed. 159 patients were included, and semi-automatic tumor segmentation was done from pre-treatment T2-weighted (T2W) or Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images. 3D maps showing the anatomical distribution of the tumors were then created for each of the three molecular subtypes (IDH mutated/1p19q co-deleted, IDH mutated and IDH wild-type). Both distance from tumor center and tumor border to the neurogenic niches were recorded. Results In this population-based cohort of previously untreated low-grade gliomas, we found that low-grade gliomas are more often found closer to the SVZ than the SGZ, but IDH wild-type tumors are more often found near SGZ. Conclusion Our study suggests that the stem cell origin of IDH wild-type and IDH mutated low-grade gliomas may be different
Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Meningiomas Grades I and II Suggest Shared Biomarkers with Malignant Tumors
Meningiomas represent the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but few microRNA (miRNA) profiling studies have been reported so far. Deep sequencing of small RNA libraries generated from two human meningioma biopsies WHO grades I (benign) and II (atypical) were compared to excess dura controls. Nineteen differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR using tumor RNA from 15 patients and 5 meninges controls. Tumor suppressor miR-218 and miR-34a were upregulated relative to normal controls, however, miR-143, miR-193b, miR-451 and oncogenic miR-21 were all downregulated. From 10 selected putative mRNA targets tested by RT-qPCR only four were differentially expressed relative to normal controls. PTEN and E-cadherin (CDH1) were upregulated, but RUNX1T1 was downregulated. Proliferation biomarker p63 was upregulated with nuclear localization, but not detected in most normal arachnoid tissues. Immunoreactivity of E-cadherin was detected in the outermost layer of normal arachnoids, but was expressed throughout the tumors. Nuclear Cyclin D1 expression was positive in all studied meningiomas, while its expression in arachnoid was limited to a few trabecular cells. Meningiomas of grades I and II appear to share biomarkers with malignant tumors, but with some additional tumor suppressor biomarkers expression. Validation in more patients is of importance
Diagnostic accuracy of anti-3-[<sup>18</sup>F]-FACBC PET/MRI in gliomas
Purpose - The primary aim was to evaluate whether anti-3-[18F]FACBC PET combined with conventional MRI correlated better with histomolecular diagnosis (reference standard) than MRI alone in glioma diagnostics. The ability of anti-3-[18F]FACBC to differentiate between molecular and histopathological entities in gliomas was also evaluated.
Methods - In this prospective study, patients with suspected primary or recurrent gliomas were recruited from two sites in Norway and examined with PET/MRI prior to surgery. Anti-3-[18F]FACBC uptake (TBRpeak) was compared to histomolecular features in 36 patients. PET results were then added to clinical MRI readings (performed by two neuroradiologists, blinded for histomolecular results and PET data) to assess the predicted tumor characteristics with and without PET.
Results - Histomolecular analyses revealed two CNS WHO grade 1, nine grade 2, eight grade 3, and 17 grade 4 gliomas. All tumors were visible on MRI FLAIR. The sensitivity of contrast-enhanced MRI and anti-3-[18F]FACBC PET was 61% (95%CI [45, 77]) and 72% (95%CI [58, 87]), respectively, in the detection of gliomas. Median TBRpeak was 7.1 (range: 1.4â19.2) for PET positive tumors. All CNS WHO grade 1 pilocytic astrocytomas/gangliogliomas, grade 3 oligodendrogliomas, and grade 4 glioblastomas/astrocytomas were PET positive, while 25% of grade 2â3 astrocytomas and 56% of grade 2â3 oligodendrogliomas were PET positive. Generally, TBRpeak increased with malignancy grade for diffuse gliomas. A significant difference in PET uptake between CNS WHO grade 2 and 4 gliomas (pâpeak compared to IDH1/2 mutated gliomas (pâ18F]FACBC PET to MRI improved the accuracy of predicted glioma grades, types, and IDH status, and yielded 13.9 and 16.7 percentage point improvement in the overall diagnoses for both readers, respectively.
Conclusion - Anti-3-[18F]FACBC PET demonstrated high uptake in the majority of gliomas, especially in IDH wildtype gliomas, and improved the accuracy of preoperatively predicted glioma diagnoses
Children treated for medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in Norway from 1974 through 2013: Unexplainable regional differences in survival
Background A previous study based on Norwegian Cancer Registry data suggested regional differences in overall survival (OS) after treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNSâPNET) in Norway. The purpose of the present study was to confirm in an extended cohort whether there were regional differences in outcome or not, and if so try to identify possible explanations. Material and methods Data from patients aged 0â20 years diagnosed with and treated for MB/CNSâPNET at all four university hospitals in Norway from 1974 to 2013 were collected and compared. Results Of 266 identified patients, 251 fulfilled inclusion criteria. MB was diagnosed in 200 and CNSâPNET in 51 patients. Fiveâyear OS and eventâfree survival (EFS) were 59% and 52%, respectively. There was a significant difference in fiveâyear OS and EFS between MB and CNSâPNET patients; 62% versus 47% (P = 0.007) and 57% versus 35% (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, two factors were found to significantly contribute to improved fiveâyear OS and EFS, whereas one factor contributed to improved fiveâyear OS only. Gross total resection (GTR) versus nonâGTR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, P = 0.003; HR 0.46, P < 0.001) and cerebrospinal irradiation (CSI) versus nonâCSI (HR 0.24, P < 0.001; HR 0.28, P < 0.001) for both, and treatment outside Oslo University Hospital for OS only (HR 0.64, P = 0.048). Conclusion Survival was comparable with data from other populationâbased studies, and the importance of GTR and CSI was confirmed. The cause for regional survival differences could not be identified