Evaluation on dry forage yields and nutritional characteristics of introduced herbaceous legumes in Myanmar

The study was carried out to evaluate the forage yields, nutritive values and in vitro fermentation parameters of herbaceous legumes. Five varieties of introduced herbaceous legumes; Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Ubon stylo, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Archer, Centrosema brasilianum cv. Ooloo, Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Stylo 184 and Macroptilum bracteatum cv. Cadarga were evaluated at the research farm, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Myanmar. No fertilizer and no irrigation were applied for cultivation to test drought resistance. Dry forage yield, nutritive values and gas production at four harvesting times were measured with 4×5 factorial arrangement (5 legumes and 4 harvesting time) in randomized complete block design. There was no interaction between legumes and harvesting time on forage yield, nutritive values and fermentation parameters but they were affected by the main effects of legume types and harvesting time. Among the legume forages, the highest dry forage yields were found in Ooloo, Ubon stylo, and Stylo 184, and followed by the DM yield of Archer and Cadarga. The DM yield of the second harvest was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the first, third and fourth harvest which were not significantly different from each other. As a chemical composition, the DM content of Archer was lower (p<0.05) than those of other varieties. Among the legumes forages, the lower CP content was found in Cadarga. The higher NDF was observed in Ooloo. Ooloo, Ubon stylo and Cadarga showed higher ADF in comparison with the other two varieties. Among the harvesting time, the lowest DM content was found at the first harvest. The highest CP content was found at third harvest. The NDF content was not significantly different. The lowest ADF content was found in fourth harvest. According to the dry forage yield, Ubon stylo and Ooloo had the highest dry forage yield and in term of nutritive values, Stylo 184 and Archer had higher nutritive values. As the main effect of forages, Stylo 184 and Archer had higher gas production in comparison with the other varieties. As the main effect of harvesting time, the fourth harvest had the highest gas production in comparison with other harvesting time. It could be better for cultivation by application of fertilizer and irrigation to get more forage yield and quality. &nbsp

Anti-hyperglycemic Activity in Vitro, Actuate Toxicity in Vivo and Antioxidant Activity of the Crude Extract of the Root of Plumeria alba L.

Medicinal plants are the single most productive sources for the development of drugs and play an important role in treating and preventing a variety of diseases through the world.  Plumeria alba Linn. commonly known as Tayoke-sakar-aphyu in Myanmar is one of the medicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family. The pharmacological studies were carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-hyperglycemic activity in vitro and acute toxicity in vivo. The main aim of the present research is to evaluate the biological activities of the root of Plumeria alba L, Firstly, phytochemical screening of the collected sample was performed. Elemental composition of the crude sample was examined by EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) spectroscopy. Moreover three different solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of the sample were examined for their antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans and E. coli by Agar- well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of the root of Plumeria alba L. was studied by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrayl) assay. The acute toxicity of ethanol extract of the root of Plumeria alba L. on Artemia salinna were investigated. The glucose lowering activities of the water and ethanol extracts of the sample were determined by iodometric titration

Genetic diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from Sabah, Malaysia 2015

Background Cholera is an important health problem in Sabah, a Malaysian state in northern Borneo; however, Vibrio cholerae in Sabah have never been characterized. Since 2002, serogroup O1 strains having the traits of both classical and El Tor biotype, designated as atypical El Tor biotype, have been increasingly reported as the cause of cholera worldwide. These variants are believed to produce clinically more severe disease like classical strains. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of V. cholerae in Sabah and whether V. cholerae in Sabah belong to atypical El Tor biotype. Methods ERIC-PCR, a DNA fingerprinting method for bacterial pathogens based on the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence, was used to study the genetic diversity of 65 clinical V. cholerae O1 isolates from 3 districts (Kudat, Beluran, Sandakan) in Sabah and one environmental isolate from coastal sea water in Kudat district. In addition, we studied the biotype-specific genetic traits in these isolates to establish their biotype. Results Different fingerprint patterns were seen in isolates from these three districts but one of the patterns was seen in more than one district. Clinical isolates and environmental isolate have different patterns. In addition, Sabah isolates harbor genetic traits specific to both classical biotype (ctxB-1, rstRCla) and El Tor biotype (rstRET, rstC, tcpAET, rtxC, VC2346). Conclusion This study revealed that V. cholerae in Sabah were genetically diverse and were atypical El Tor strains. Fingerprint patterns of these isolates will be useful in tracing the origin of this pathogen in the future

THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF PRO 1 MYANMAR CO., LTD

This study intends to analyze the effect of leadership styles on the employee engagement and to examine the effect of employee engagement on their performance in Pro 1 Myanmar Co., Ltd. The study found that transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles have positive effects on all types of the employee engagement: vigor, dedication, and absorption. In addition, all types of the employee engagement have significant effects on employee task and contextual performance. Therefore, the study recommends the management of Pro 1 Myanmar Company Limited to practice transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles to enhance the level of employee engagement, and this will ultimately improve the level of employee -work performance at the company

Effects or Summer Paddy Cultivation on Economy of Local Farmers in Myaungmya Township, Ayeyarwady Region

Myaungmya is one of the townships in Ayeyarwady Region located in Deltaic area. Summer paddy is extensively cultivated as second crop in the cool dry period. Summer paddy cultivated area covers nearly 90 percent of the summer paddy cultivated area. Although most femes cultivate summer paddy as a major crop, their cultivation practices differ from one farmer to another. Depending on cultivation practices, farmers are classed in to feu groups: farmers of first group are the Richwho cultivate summer paddy intensively, they cultivate systematically and carefully. In second group farmers cultivate summer paddy for the purpose of distributing seeds for local farmers, and farmers who cultivate paddy on self -help basis for household consumption are in the third group. Fanners of fourth group are poor and they do not cultivate paddy and rent the land to private company. Most farmers in the area cultivate high yield varieties to boost the yield with the intention of getting more income. Therefore, effects of summer paddy cultivation on economy differ in accordance with the cultivation practises. The objectives of the paper are to understand the reasons that cause different cultivation system, to explore different farming practices, to find out different rent returns from summer paddy cultivation am to forecast the future prospects of swimmer paddy cultivation in the arcs. To present the paper, primary data is mainly applied and mixed method is used

An Analysis on Tourism Industry Development of Beach Resorts within Ayeyarwady Region

Chaungtha and Ngwesaung beaches are situated in the southwestern part of Myanmar within Ayeyarwady Region. It is located in Rakhine coastal region. These beaches are popular and attractive tourist sites in Myanmar after Ngapali Beach. The paper mainly focuses on tourism industry development. The objectives of this paper are to assess the basic tourism requirements, to assess on tourism development, to find out the perception of tourists and local people on tourism industry and to make a comparative analysis on the development of tourism industry within beach resorts. The research use both quantitative and qualitative methods. Primary data conducted by interviews and discussions with tourists, visitors, local people, hotel managers, authority and responsible persons of departments concerned. Secondary data are also applied in this research; these data are obtained from various departments. The importance of 4As in assessment on perception of tourists is presented in this paper. SWOT analysis is also employed for identifying the strength, weakness, opportunities and treats. This research paper examines the positive and negative impacts of tourism development for beach resorts. According to the interview method, foreign tourists more prefer Ngwesaung to Chaungtha because of natural scenic beauty of blue sea, white sand and lovely sun. Domestic tourists more prefer Chaungtha

Indo-US Relations: Indo-US Nuclear Deal and Its Impact

National security and national interests, in terms of realist premises are the core value for every nations whether it is big power or small power in international system . Security and defense strategy of the US and India after the Cold War has been significantly outlined the importance of national interests in The "strategic Partnership" pursued by the US Administration under the President Bush in 2004 was remarkably a turning point in Indo-US relations. Progressively, Obama-Modi relation is also supportive to 200S Indo-US Nuclear Deal though the US Congress and India opposition groups harshly criticized at the implementation of the Deal under internatima1ly recognized measures and standards. India and Pakistan, the rival regional power in south Am are, in fact, unilaterally withdrew from Non-Nuclear Proliferation (NPI) as signatories after 2010 missile tests. The US together with European Union imposed sanction both India and Pakistan for nuclear missile tests Here, it is necessary understand the security and defense priority of both countries is to be observed based on mutual national interests. It also needs to study major factors that force India and the US to continue strategic partnership under the context of Indian Ocean Region (IOR). At least, it hopes to learn lessons from 2005 Indo-US Nuclear Deal negotiation of India and the US in context of Civilian purpose nuclear technology in country developmen

Analysis of a Single-Λ Hypernuclear Event in KEK-PS E373 Nuclear Emulsion Experiment

The purpose of this research is to identify a single-Λ hypernucleus and its decay products which support to get more information about hyperon-nucleon interaction. Before performing the analysis of a single-Λ hypernucleus, first, we have deduced the density of emulsion by calibrating the range-energy relation using alpha decay events data from thorium series. It is very important for the mass reconstruction of hypernucleus events in nuclear emulsion. And we have reconstructed a single-Λ hypernucleus event by using the kinematical reconstruction for mesonic and non-mesonic decay modes. From the result of our analysis, we can uniquely identify that single-Λ hypernucleus is B Λ 9 ${}_\Lambda ^9 B$ and decay products are 4He,3He, proton and neutron

Clinical Study of Oestrogen Reception, Progesterone Receptor and HER2/ NEU Receptor Expression Status in Breast Cancer Patients

Hospital-based descriptive study was done from January 2017 to December 2017. The study was carried out in 100 breast cancer patients, attending the Medical Oncology Department of Yangon General Hospital by using convenience non-probability sampling method. The positive expression rate of ER, PR receptors observed were 53% and 57 % respectively. Her2/neu positive expression was 34% and equivocal (8%). The mean age of breast cancer patients was 51.1 years with the youngest being 26 and the oldest,78