Traditional Knowledge of the Ecology of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in the Northern Bering Sea, Chukotka, Russia

The first systematic effort to document traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Russia was conducted in the villages of Sireniki, Novoe Chaplino, Yanrakinnot, and Uelen, in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The findings describe migratory and local movements, feeding, calving, ecological interactions, and human influences on distribution and behavior. The results add considerable detail to published accounts of belugas in Russian waters of the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Among these are descriptions of avoidance and habituation responses to anthropogenic noise, which appear to depend in part on association with hunting activities. The authors observe that most of the TEK documented in this study came from older hunters, and that the collective pool of traditional knowledge in the region is disappearing.La première tentative systématique en vue de documenter le savoir écologique traditionnel (SET) sur les bélougas (Delphinapterus leucas) en Russie a été menée dans les villages de Sireniki, de Novoe Chaplino, de Yanrakinnot et de Uelen, dans l'arrondissement autonome des Tchouktches. Les résultats décrivent les déplacements migratoires et locaux, la nutrition, la mise bas, les interactions écologiques et les influences humaines sur la distribution et le comportement. Les résultats apportent de nombreux détails aux relevés de bélougas dans les eaux russes de la mer de Béring et de la mer des Tchouktches. Ces nouveaux détails incluent la description des réactions d'évitement et d'accoutumance au bruit anthropique, qui semble dépendre en partie de l'association avec les activités cynégétiques. Les auteurs observent que la plupart du SET documenté dans cette étude vient de vieux chasseurs et que le bassin collectif du savoir traditionnel dans la région est en train de disparaître

Monolithically integrated white light LEDs on (11-22) semi-polar GaN templates

Carrier transport issues in a (11–22) semi-polar GaN based white light emitting diode (consisting of yellow and blue emissions) have been investigated by detailed simulations, demonstrating that the growth order of yellow and blue InGaN quantum wells plays a critically important role in achieving white emission. The growth order needs to be yellow InGaN quantum wells first and then a blue InGaN quantum well after the growth of n-type GaN. The fundamental reason is due to the poor hole concentration distribution across the whole InGaN quantum well region. In order to effectively capture holes in both the yellow InGaN quantum wells and the blue InGaN quantum well, a thin GaN spacer has been introduced prior to the blue InGaN quantum well. The detailed simulations of the band diagram and the hole concentration distribution across the yellow and the blue quantum wells have been conducted, showing that the thin GaN spacer can effectively balance the hole concentration between the yellow and the blue InGaN quantum wells, eventually determining their relative intensity between the yellow and the blue emissions. Based on this simulation, we have demonstrated a monolithically multi-colour LED grown on our high quality semi-polar (11–22) GaN templates

Obtención de materiales dotados de la resistencia mecánica y baja lixiviabilidad obtenidos a partir de residuos mineros e industriales.

Fecha de solicitud: 01.04.2001.- Titulares:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (CSIC).- Vsevolod A. Mymrin.[EN]Materials possessing mechanical resistance and low leaching ability are obtained from mining and industrial residues. A paste is formed from various residual materials from mining and metallurgical industries both ferrous and non-ferrous, constituted principally by oxides, of calcium, chlorides, sulfates, silicates and carbonates, apart from other salts. Materials are forged, being maintained in a medium sufficiently alkaline and in the presence of a sufficiently high number of metallic ions. [ES] Obtención de materiales dotados de resistencia mecánica y baja lixiviabilidad obtenidos a partir de residuos mineros o industriales. Llevados a cabo con todos estos materiales se ha llegado a la conclusión de que la fabricación de una pasta obtenida a partir de los diversos materiales residuales procedentes de las industrias minerometalúrgicas de metalurgia férrea y no férrea, constituidos fundamentalmente por óxidos, entre ellos el de calcio, pero no necesariamente sólo por ellos, ya que en algunos casos existen cloruros, sulfatos, silicatos y carbonatos, entre otras sales, da lugar al fraguado de estos materiales cuando se mantienen en un medio suficientemente alcalino y en presencia de un número suficientemente elevado de iones metálicos.Peer reviewe