12 research outputs found
Casimir scaling and renormalization of Polyakov loops in large-N gauge theories
We study Casimir scaling and renormalization properties of Polyakov loops in
different irreducible representations in SU(N) gauge theories; in particular,
we investigate the approach to the large-N limit, by performing lattice
simulations of Yang-Mills theories with an increasing number of colors, from 2
to 6. We consider the twelve lowest irreducible representations for each gauge
group, and find strong numerical evidence for nearly perfect Casimir scaling of
the bare Polyakov loops in the deconfined phase. Then we discuss the
temperature dependence of renormalized loops, which is found to be
qualitatively and quantitatively very similar for the various gauge groups. In
particular, close to the deconfinement transition, the renormalized Polyakov
loop increases with the temperature, and its logarithm reveals a characteristic
dependence on the inverse of the square of the temperature. At higher
temperatures, the renormalized Polyakov loop overshoots one, reaches a maximum,
and then starts decreasing, in agreement with weak-coupling predictions. The
implications of these findings are discussed.Comment: 1+33 pages, 14 figures; v2: expanded discussion in sections 2 and 3,
added references: version published in JHE
Renormalization of Polyakov loops in different representations and the large-N limit
We study the renormalization of Polyakov loops in different irreducible
representations of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories at finite temperature, and
investigate their behavior in the large-N limit.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, talk presented at the 29th International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory "Lattice 2011" (10-16 July 2011, Squaw
Valley, CA, USA); v2: added reference
Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) Alleviate Inflammation and Hypertension Associated with Developing Obesity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet
Fatty acid fingerprints in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its extracellular vesicles reflect equine asthma severity
Equine asthma (EA) is an inflammatory disease of the lower airways driven by mediators released from cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vehicles for lipid mediators, which possess either pro-inflammatory or dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving functions. In this study, we investigated how the respiratory fatty acid (FA) profile reflects airway inflammatory status. The FA composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), BALF supernatant, and bronchoalveolar EVs of healthy horses (n = 15) and horses with mild/moderate EA (n = 10) or severe EA (SEA, n = 5) was determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The FA profiles distinguished samples with different diagnoses in all sample types, yet they were insufficient to predict the health status of uncategorized samples. Different individual FAs were responsible for the discrimination of the diagnoses in different sample types. Particularly, in the EVs of SEA horses the proportions of palmitic acid (16:0) decreased and those of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) increased, and all sample types of asthmatic horses had elevated dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) proportions. The results suggest simultaneous pro-inflammatory and resolving actions of FAs and a potential role for EVs as vehicles for lipid mediators in asthma pathogenesis. EV lipid manifestations of EA can offer translational targets to study asthma pathophysiology and treatment options.Peer reviewe