3,662 research outputs found
Advanced aeroservoelastic stabilization techniques for hypersonic flight vehicles
Advanced high performance vehicles, including Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) hypersonic flight vehicles, that are statically unstable, require higher bandwidth flight control systems to compensate for the instability resulting in interactions between the flight control system, the engine/propulsion dynamics, and the low frequency structural modes. Military specifications, such as MIL-F-9490D and MIL-F-87242, tend to limit treatment of structural modes to conventional gain stabilization techniques. The conventional gain stabilization techniques, however, introduce low frequency effective time delays which can be troublesome from a flying qualities standpoint. These time delays can be alleviated by appropriate blending of gain and phase stabilization techniques (referred to as Hybrid Phase Stabilization or HPS) for the low frequency structural modes. The potential of using HPS for compensating structural mode interaction was previously explored. It was shown that effective time delay was significantly reduced with the use of HPS; however, the HPS design was seen to have greater residual response than a conventional gain stablized design. Additional work performed to advance and refine the HPS design procedure, to further develop residual response metrics as a basis for alternative structural stability specifications, and to develop strategies for validating HPS design and specification concepts in manned simulation is presented. Stabilization design sensitivity to structural uncertainties and aircraft-centered requirements are also assessed
Large thermal protection system panel
A protective panel for a reusable launch vehicle provides enhanced moisture protection, simplified maintenance, and increased temperature resistance. The protective panel includes an outer ceramic matrix composite (CMC) panel, and an insulative bag assembly coupled to the outer CMC panel for isolating the launch vehicle from elevated temperatures and moisture. A standoff attachment system attaches the outer CMC panel and the bag assembly to the primary structure of the launch vehicle. The insulative bag assembly includes a foil bag having a first opening shrink fitted to the outer CMC panel such that the first opening and the outer CMC panel form a water tight seal at temperatures below a desired temperature threshold. Fibrous insulation is contained within the foil bag for protecting the launch vehicle from elevated temperatures. The insulative bag assembly further includes a back panel coupled to a second opening of the foil bag such that the fibrous insulation is encapsulated by the back panel, the foil bag, and the outer CMC panel. The use of a CMC material for the outer panel in conjunction with the insulative bag assembly eliminates the need for waterproofing processes, and ultimately allows for more efficient reentry profiles
Towards a holographic dual of large-N_c QCD
We study N_f D6-brane probes in the supergravity background dual to N_c
D4-branes compactified on a circle with supersymmetry-breaking boundary
conditions. In the limit in which the resulting Kaluza--Klein modes decouple,
the gauge theory reduces to non-supersymmetric, four-dimensional QCD with N_c
colours and N_f << N_c flavours. As expected, this decoupling is not fully
realised within the supergravity/Born--Infeld approximation. For N_f = 1 and
massless quarks, m_q = 0, we exhibit spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking by a
quark condensate, \neq 0, and find the associated massless
`pion' in the spectrum. The latter becomes massive for m_q > 0, obeying the
Gell-Mann--Oakes--Renner relation: M_pi^2= - m_q / \f_pi^2. In
the case N_f > 1 we provide a holographic version of the Vafa--Witten theorem,
which states that the U(N_f) flavour symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken.
Further we find N_f^2 - 1 unexpectedly light pseudo-scalar mesons in the
spectrum. We argue that these are not (pseudo) Goldstone bosons and speculate
on the string mechanism responsible for their lightness. We then study the
theory at finite temperature and exhibit a phase transition associated with a
discontinuity in the chiral condensate. D6/anti-D6 pairs are also briefly
discussed.Comment: 43 pages, LaTeX; v3: Scalar vs. pseudo-scalar nature of mesons
clarified, references added. v4: Small change in Acknowledgment
Six-Dimensional Yang Black Holes in Dilaton Gravity
We study the six-dimensional dilaton gravity Yang black holes of
hep-th/0607193, which carry (1,-1) charge in SU(2)xSU(2) gauge group. We find
what values of the asymptotic parameters (mass and scalar charge) lead to a
regular horizon, and show that there are no regular solutions with an extremal
horizon.Comment: 10 pages, 8 EPS graph
Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MtrC: a cell-surface decaheme cytochrome involved in respiratory electron transport to extracellular electron acceptors
MtrC is a decaheme c-type cytochrome associated with the outer cell membrane of Fe(III)-respiring species of the Shewanella genus. It is proposed to play a role in anaerobic respiration by mediating electron transfer to extracellular mineral oxides that can serve as terminal electron acceptors. The present work presents the first spectropotentiometric and voltammetric characterization of MtrC, using protein purified from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Potentiometric titrations, monitored by UV–vis absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, reveal that the hemes within MtrC titrate over a broad potential range spanning between approximately +100 and approximately -500 mV (vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Across this potential window the UV–vis absorption spectra are characteristic of low-spin c-type hemes and the EPR spectra reveal broad, complex features that suggest the presence of magnetically spin-coupled low-spin c-hemes. Non-catalytic protein film voltammetry of MtrC demonstrates reversible electrochemistry over a potential window similar to that disclosed spectroscopically. The voltammetry also allows definition of kinetic properties of MtrC in direct electron exchange with a solid electrode surface and during reduction of a model Fe(III) substrate. Taken together, the data provide quantitative information on the potential domain in which MtrC can operate
Holographic phase transitions at finite baryon density
We use holographic techniques to study SU(Nc) super Yang-Mills theory coupled
to Nf << Nc flavours of fundamental matter at finite temperature and baryon
density. We focus on four dimensions, for which the dual description consists
of Nf D7-branes in the background of Nc black D3-branes, but our results apply
in other dimensions as well. A non-zero chemical potential mu or baryon number
density n is introduced via a nonvanishing worldvolume gauge field on the
D7-branes. Ref. [1] identified a first order phase transition at zero density
associated with `melting' of the mesons. This extends to a line of phase
transitions for small n, which terminates at a critical point at finite n.
Investigation of the D7-branes' thermodynamics reveals that (d mu / dn)_T <0 in
a small region of the phase diagram, indicating an instability. We comment on a
possible new phase which may appear in this region.Comment: 33 pages, 22 figure
Fuzzy Rings in D6-Branes and Magnetic Field Background
We use the Myers T-dual nonabelin Born-Infeld action to find some new
nontrivial solutions for the branes in the background of D6-branes and Melvin
magnetic tube field. In the D6-Branes background we can find both of the fuzzy
sphere and fuzzy ring solutions, which are formed by the gravitational
dielectric effect. We see that the fuzzy ring solution has less energy then
that of the fuzzy sphere. Therefore the fuzzy sphere will decay to the fuzzy
ring configuration. In the Melvin magnetic tube field background there does not
exist fuzzy sphere while the fuzzy ring configuration may be formed by the
magnetic dielectric effect. The new solution shows that propagating in
the D6-branes and magnetic tube field background may expand into a rotating
fuzzy ring. We also use the Dirac-Born-Infeld action to construct the ring
configuration from the D-branes.Comment: Latex, 15 pages, detailed comments in section 2, typos correcte
Coordinated induction of cell survival signaling in the inflamed microenvironment of the prostate
PURPOSE:
Both prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are associated with inflammatory microenvironments. Inflammation is damaging to tissues, but it is unclear how the inflammatory microenvironment protects specialized epithelial cells that function to proliferate and repair the tissue. The objective of this study is to characterize the cell death and cell survival response of the prostatic epithelium in response to inflammation.
METHODS:
We assessed induction of cell death (TNF, TRAIL, TWEAK, FasL) and cell survival factors (IGFs, hedgehogs, IL-6, FGFs, and TGFs) in inflamed and control mouse prostates by ELISA. Cell death mechanisms were determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for cleavage of caspases and TUNEL. Survival pathway activation was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and survivin. Autophagy was determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for free and membrane associated light chain 3 (LC-3).
RESULTS:
Cleavage of all four caspases was significantly increased during the first 2 days of inflammation, and survival protein expression was substantially increased subsequently, maximizing at 3 days. By 5 days of inflammation, 50% of prostatic epithelial cells expressed survivin. Autophagy was also evident during the recovery phase (3 days). Finally, immunofluorescent staining of human specimens indicates strong activation of survival proteins juxtaposed to inflammation in inflamed prostate specimens.
CONCLUSIONS:
The prostate responds to deleterious inflammation with induction of cell survival mechanisms, most notably survivin and autophagy, demonstrating a coordinated induction of survival factors that protects and expands a specialized set of prostatic epithelial cells as part of the repair and recovery process during inflammation
Condensation of Tubular D2-branes in Magnetic Field Background
It is known that in the Minkowski vacuum a bunch of IIA superstrings with
D0-branes can be blown-up to a supersymmetric tubular D2-brane, which is
supported against collapse by the angular momentum generated by crossed
electric and magnetic Born-Infeld (BI) fields. In this paper we show how the
multiple, smaller tubes with relative angular momentum could condense to a
single, larger tube to stabilize the system. Such a phenomena could also be
shown in the systems under the Melvin magnetic tube or uniform magnetic field
background. However, depending on the magnitude of field strength, a tube in
the uniform magnetic field background may split into multiple, smaller tubes
with relative angular momentum to stabilize the system.Comment: Latex 10 pages, mention the dynamical joining of the tubes, modify
figure
Investigation of Exoskeletal Engine Propulsion System Concept
An innovative approach to gas turbine design involves mounting compressor and turbine blades to an outer rotating shell. Designated the exoskeletal engine, compression (preferable to tension for high-temperature ceramic materials, generally) becomes the dominant blade force. Exoskeletal engine feasibility lies in the structural and mechanical design (as opposed to cycle or aerothermodynamic design), so this study focused on the development and assessment of a structural-mechanical exoskeletal concept using the Rolls-Royce AE3007 regional airliner all-axial turbofan as a baseline. The effort was further limited to the definition of an exoskeletal high-pressure spool concept, where the major structural and thermal challenges are represented. The mass of the high-pressure spool was calculated and compared with the mass of AE3007 engine components. It was found that the exoskeletal engine rotating components can be significantly lighter than the rotating components of a conventional engine. However, bearing technology development is required, since the mass of existing bearing systems would exceed rotating machinery mass savings. It is recommended that once bearing technology is sufficiently advanced, a "clean sheet" preliminary design of an exoskeletal system be accomplished to better quantify the potential for the exoskeletal concept to deliver benefits in mass, structural efficiency, and cycle design flexibility
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